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外泌体的提取方法及其在药物递送系统中的应用 Title:ExtractionMethodsofExtracellularVesiclesandTheirApplicationsinDrugDeliverySystems Abstract: Extracellularvesicles(EVs)arenanosizedvesiclesreleasedbycellsintotheextracellularenvironment.Thesevesiclescontainavarietyofbiologicallyactivemolecules,suchasproteins,lipids,andnucleicacids,thatcanbetransportedtotargetcells.TheabilityofEVstoencapsulateandprotectcargomoleculeshasledtotheirexplorationasnoveldrugdeliverysystems.ThisreviewprovidesanoverviewofdifferentmethodsforEVextractionandpurification,aswellasanexaminationoftheirpotentialapplicationsindrugdeliverysystems. 1.Introduction 1.1Background 1.2Objectives 2.ExtracellularVesicles 2.1DefinitionandClassification 2.2CompositionofEVs 2.3BiologicalFunctions 3.ExtractionMethodsofEVs 3.1Ultracentrifugation 3.2DifferentialCentrifugation 3.3Filtration 3.4Precipitation 3.5Size-ExclusionChromatography 3.6MicrofluidicDevices 4.PurificationMethods 4.1DensityGradientUltracentrifugation 4.2Exosome-SpecificMarkers 4.3Immunocapture 5.ApplicationsofEVsinDrugDeliverySystems 5.1TargetedDrugDelivery 5.2TherapeuticCargoLoading 5.3EVsasTherapeuticAgents 5.4EVsasVaccines 6.ChallengesandFutureDirections 6.1QualityControlofEVs 6.2ScalabilityandStandardization 6.3SafetyandRegulatoryConsiderations 7.Conclusion Keywords:extracellularvesicles,drugdeliverysystems,extractionmethods,purificationmethods,targeteddrugdelivery,therapeuticcargoloading,exosomes,microfluidicdevices