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英汉被动结构语法化的对比研究.docx

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英汉被动结构语法化的对比研究 Title:AComparativeStudyontheGrammaticalizationofPassiveConstructionsinEnglishandChinese Introduction: Passivevoiceisacommongrammaticalfeatureinmanylanguages,includingEnglishandChinese.Thepassivevoiceservestoshiftthefocusofasentencefromthesubjecttotheobject,highlightingtheactionoreventratherthanthedoer.ThistypeofconstructionhasundergoneaprocessofgrammaticalizationinbothEnglishandChinese,leadingtosyntacticandsemanticchanges.Inthispaper,weaimtoexploreandcomparethegrammaticalizationofpassiveconstructionsinEnglishandChinese,consideringtheirsyntactic,semantic,andpragmaticfunctions. 1.SyntacticFeaturesofPassiveConstructionsinEnglishandChinese: OnenotabledifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseisthewordorderinpassiveconstructions.InEnglish,thepassivevoiceisformedbysubject-verb-object(SVO)constructions,wherethesubjectisdemotedtotheendofthesentenceoromitted.Incontrast,Chineseadoptsasubject-object-verb(SOV)wordorderinpassiveconstructions,withthesubjectandobjectinverted.Thissyntacticdifferencereflectsthedistinctnatureofthetwolanguagesandimpactsthegrammaticalizationofpassiveconstructions. 2.SemanticFunctionsofPassiveConstructionsinEnglishandChinese: ThepassivevoiceinEnglishandChineseconveysvarioussemanticfunctions.InEnglish,thepassiveisoftenusedtoemphasizetheactionorevent,obscuretheagent,orexpresspoliteness.Theobjectoftheactivevoicebecomesthesubjectofthepassive,shiftingthefocustotheaffectedentityratherthantheagent.InChinese,thepassivevoiceprimarilyfocusesontheresultoreffectofanaction.Itmayalsohighlightthepatient,denoteimpersonality,orexpresscausation.ThedifferentsemanticfunctionsofthepassiveinEnglishandChineserevealculturallyspecificcommunicativestrategiesandcognitiveprocesses. 3.PragmaticFunctionsofPassiveConstructionsinEnglishandChinese: ThepragmaticsofpassiveconstructionssignificantlydifferinEnglishandChinese.InEnglish,thepassivevoiceiscommonlyemployedinofficialandformalcontextstodeflectresponsibilityoravoiddirectaccusations.Thiscanbeobservedinlegal,scientific,andaca