Style-文学原理教程课件.ppt

Style,Tone&IronyStyle风格1.Diction措辞----Awriter’schoiceofwordsthatcompriseanauthor’sbasicvocabulary.①DenotativeV.S.ConnotativemeaningofwordsDenotation表义----Thebasicdefinition/dictionarymeaningofaword★wordmeaningsConnotation涵义----Themeaningsuggested/impliedbyagivenword/phrase,asopposedtoitsliteralmeaning★wordsuggestions②DegreeofconcretenessV.S.abstractnessConcrete具体----Languagereferringdirectlytowhatwesee,hear,touch,taste,orsmellisconcrete.★Mostliteratureusesconcretelanguageandexpressesevenabstractconceptsconcretelythroughimagesandmetaphors.Abstract抽象----Theoppositeofconcrete,usedtodescribeawordorgroupofwordsrepresentingattitudes,generalities,ideas,orqualitiesthatcannotbeapprehendeddirectlythroughthesenses.★Thelanguageofphilosophyandsciencetendstobeabstract.③DegreeofallusivenessAllusion引喻，暗示----Areference,generallybrief,toaperson,place,thingoreventwithwhichthereaderispresumablyfamiliar.Eg:Magnusisthe'Adonis'oftheclass.(Adonisisamythicalcharacterwhoisthemosthandsome.)SomecallMarcosamodernHitler.(Marcosisanex-presidentofthePhilippines.)④Partsofspeech⑤Length&Construction⑥LevelofusageStandardV.S.NonstandardFormalV.S.Informal/Colloquial⑦Imagery意象----Sensorypicturesproducedverballythroughfigurativelanguage.⑧FigurativeDevicesSimileMetaphorPersonification⑨Rhythm&SoundPatternsRhythm----Thepatternofflowandmovementcreatedbythechoiceofwordsandthearrangementofphrasesandsentences.Rhythmisdirectlyaffectedby----thelengthandcompositionofsentences,----theuseofpauseswithinsentences,----theuseofrepetition,and----theeaseordifficultyinpronouncingthecombinationsofwordsoundsinthesentences.Alliteration头韵Assonance准押韵，半谐韵Consonance和音Onomatopoeia象声词2.Syntax----Thewaystheauthorarrangeswordsintophrases,clauses,andfinallywholesentencestoachieveparticulareffects.①LengthShort,Spare&EconomicalLong&Involved②FormSimpleCompoundComplexSimpleSentence----Asimplesentence,alsocalledanindependentclause,containsasubjectandaverb,anditexpressesacompletethought.Eg:Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.JuanandArturop