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初中英语课堂中教师纠正反馈语和学生回应研究.docx

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初中英语课堂中教师纠正反馈语和学生回应研究 Introduction Teachers'feedbackisconsideredanessentialcomponentofeffectivelearningintheclassroom.However,notalltypesoffeedbackarecreatedequal.Feedbackshouldbetimely,specific,andconstructivetohelpstudentsunderstandtheirstrengthsandweaknessestoimprovetheirlearningperformance.Inthispaper,wewillexploretheimportanceofteacherfeedbackandexaminethetypesofcorrectivefeedbackthatteacherscanuseintheclassroom.Moreover,wewillanalyzehowstudentsrespondtocorrectivefeedback. Theimportanceofteacherfeedback Effectivefeedbackisanessentialcomponentofthelearningprocess.Ithelpsstudentsunderstandwhattheyaredoingwellandwheretheyneedtoimprove.Feedbackalsoencouragesstudentstotakeownershipoftheirlearning,setgoals,anddevelopstrategiestoachievethem.Feedbackalsohelpsstudentsdevelopagrowthmindset,wheretheyseemistakesasopportunitiestolearnandgrow. Correctivefeedback Correctivefeedbackisatypeoffeedbackthatfocusesonimprovingastudent'slearningperformance.Therearetwotypesofcorrectivefeedback:directandindirect.Directfeedbackisgivenimmediatelyafterastudent'serror,whileindirectfeedbackisgivenlateron,usuallywhenthestudenthascompletedthetaskortest. Directcorrectivefeedbackcantakemanyforms.Onetypeisconfirmationfeedback,wheretheteachertellsthestudentthattheyhaveansweredthequestioncorrectly.Anothertypeisrepetitionfeedback,wheretheteacherasksthestudenttorepeatthecorrectanswer.Athirdtypeisrecastfeedback,wheretheteacherrephrasesthestudent'sincorrectanswerinthecorrectform. Indirectcorrectivefeedbackisalsoimportant.Thistypeoffeedbackcantaketheformoferrorcorrection,wheretheteachermarksthestudent'sworkandprovidescommentsonareaswherethestudentneedstoimprove.Anothertypeismetalinguisticfeedback,wheretheteacherprovidesexplanationsofgrammaticalrulesorlanguageusage. Studentresponsestocorrectivefeedback Researchhasshownthatstudentsrespondbettertospecificandconstructivefeedback.Vaguefeedbackthatdoesnotprovidestudentswithcleardirectiononhowtoimproveisineffective.Moreover,feedbackthatisperceivedasnegativeca