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阅读中因果关系的预测性效应：来自眼动的证据.docx

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阅读中因果关系的预测性效应：来自眼动的证据 Abstract Thepredictioneffectofcausalrelationshipsinreadingisawidelyresearchedareawithineye-trackingresearch.Thepresentstudyaimedtoexplorethepredictioneffectincausalrelationshipsbymeasuringtheeyemovementsofparticipantsastheyreadpassageswithvaryinglevelsofcausalrelationships.Theresultsprovidestrongevidenceforthepredictioneffectincausalrelationships,withincreasedfixationdurationsonthecausewordsprecedingtheeffectwords.Similarly,theresultsalsosuggestthatthedegreeofpredictionwasinfluencedbythestrengthofthecausalrelationshippresentedinthepassage. Introduction Readinginvolvesanintricateinteractionbetweenhigher-ordercognitiveprocessessuchasattention,memoryandpredictionmechanisms.Theprocessingofinformationduringreadingisthoughttobepredictiveinnature,withreadersactivelyanticipatingtheupcomingcontentbasedonpriorcontextandknowledge(Kutas&Federmeier,2011).Manystudiessuggestthatreadersusecausalrelationshipsasatooltofacilitatethispredictiveprocessing(Ericksonetal.,2018;Yeeetal.,2019).Theabilitytomakeaccurateinferencesbasedonpriorcontextisacrucialfactorineffectivereadingcomprehension. Thepredictioneffectofcausalrelationshipsinreadinghasbeenpreviouslyinvestigatedusingeye-trackingmethodologies.Manyofthesestudieshaveconfirmedthepredictioneffecthypothesis,wheretheprocessingoftheupcomingcontentwasinfluencedbypriorcontext(Ericksonetal.,2018;Vasishthetal.,2013).Thefocusofthisstudyistoinvestigatefurthertherelationshipbetweenthepredictioneffectandthedegreeofcausalrelationshipspresentedwithinthetext. ResearchQuestion Thisstudyaimedtoexplorethepredictioneffectofcausalrelationshipsinreadingbymeasuringtheeyemovementsofparticipantsastheyreadpassageswithvaryingdegreesofcausalrelationships.Thestudy'scentralresearchquestionis:howdodifferentlevelsofcausalrelationshipswithinthetextaffectthepredictioneffect? Method Participants Twenty-fournativeEnglish-speakingparticipantstookpartinthepresentstudy,withagesrangingfrom18to25yearsold(M=21.4).Allparticipantshadnormalorcorrected-to-nor