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SavingMyRevisedGREIssue《拯救我的新GREIssue》(ManuscriptunderReview) ©CopyRight2012byJamesJiang.AllRightsReserved AuthorizedandprintedatToronto,Canada,June2012 SupplementaryRef 006有关历史 AboutHistory 【历史可有可无?】Thewordhistorycarriestwo【历史的社会作用】Clearly,historyhasa meaningsincommonparlance.Itrefersbothsocialrole.Societyrequiresausablepast,and towhatactuallyhappenedinthepastandtodifferentconceptionsofthesocialorder therepresentationofthatpastintheworkofproducerivalhistories.Manyhistorianshave historians.Contemporarysocietyisbeenproudtoenlistononesideoranother, sometimesportrayedasdominatedbythebelievingthattheyhaveasocialresponsibility experienceofchange.Thebreak-neckspeedtopromotethisorthatgroupidentity,orto oftechnologicalinnovation,theerosionofreinforcetheauthorityofthestate.Human traditionalvaluesandloyalties,theficklenessbeingsstrivetolearnfromtheirmistakesand ofelectorates,andtheinstabilityofsuccessesintheircollectivelifejustastheydo internationalrelationsareallfromtimetotimeineverydayindividualexperience. citedasevidencethatweliveinaworld radicallydifferentfromthepast,inwhicha【历史有指引作用】Somepeoplearguethat senseofhistoryandthelessonswhichcanbehistoryissimplysomethingtobemanipulated drawnfromisaredispensable.insupportofanideology.Anyhow,history doesconferknowledgeandpeoplecould 【历史有助于解释】Thisisasuperficiallearnfromhistory.Peoplehaveturned,and assessmenttosaytoleast.Inallspheresofstillturntohistoryfortwotypesofguidance: life,frompersonalrelationshipstopoliticalforlessonsonhowtoactinsituationswhich judgments,weconstantlyinterpretourhaveoccurredbefore,andforabroader experienceintimeperspective,whetherweintimationofwheretheystandintheflowof areconsciousofitornot.Themerefactoftimeandthusofwhatmaylieinfuture. livingalongsidepeopleolderthanourselves makesusconsciousofthepast.【历史对于政治的价值】Ourpolitical judgmentsarepermeatedbyasenseofthe 【历史追本溯源】Oursenseofpersonalpast,whetherwearedecidingbetweenthe identitydemandsrootsinthepastwhicharecompetingclaimsofpoliticalpartiesor soughtinthe