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SavingMyRevisedGREIssue《拯救我的新GREIssue》(ManuscriptunderReview) ©CopyRight2012byJamesJiang.AllRightsReserved AuthorizedandprintedatToronto,Canada,June2012 SupplementaryRef 012为何学习历史 WhyStudyHistory ExcerptfromWhyStudyHistory?ByPeterN.Stearns,aprofessoratGeorgeMasonUniversity. Historyshouldbestudiedbecauseitisfunctionsimplytoruntheirownlives. essentialtoindividualsandtosociety,and becauseitharborsbeauty.Therearemany【历史解释社会演变】Historyhelpsus waystodiscusstherealfunctionsoftheunderstandchangeandhowthesocietywe subject—astherearemanydifferenthistoricalliveincametobe.Historyisinescapableasa talentsandmanydifferentpathstohistoricalsubjectofseriousstudyfollowscloselyonthe meaning.Alldefinitionsofhistory'sutility,first.Thepastcausesthepresent,andsothe however,relyontwofundamentalfacts.future.Anytimewetrytoknowwhysomething happened—whetherashiftinpoliticalparty 【历史有助理解人和社会】HistoryhelpsusdominanceintheAmericanCongress,amajor understandpeopleandsocieties.Historychangeintheteenagesuiciderate,orawarin offersastorehouseofinformationabouthowtheBalkansortheMiddleEast—wehaveto peopleandsocietiesbehave.Understandinglookforfactorsthattookshapeearlier. theoperationsofpeopleandsocietiesisSometimesfairlyrecenthistorywillsufficeto difficult,thoughanumberofdisciplinesmakeexplainamajordevelopment,butoftenwe theattempt.Anexclusiverelianceoncurrentneedtolookfurtherbacktoidentifythecauses datawouldneedlesslyhandicapourefforts.ofchange.Onlythroughstudyinghistorycan Howcanweevaluatewarifthenationisatwegrasphowthingschange;onlythrough peace—unlessweusehistoricalmaterials?historycanwebegintocomprehendthe Howcanweunderstandgenius,theinfluencefactorsthatcausechange;andonlythrough oftechnologicalinnovation,ortherolethathistorycanweunderstandwhatelementsof beliefsplayinshapingfamilylife,ifwedon'taninstitutionorasocietypersistdespite usewhatweknowaboutexperiencesinthechange. past?Somesocialscientistsattemptto formulatelawsortheoriesabouthumanTheimportanceofhistoryinexplainingand behavior.Buteventhes