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生物化学ChapterSteroChemistry公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

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Exercises:Chapter7StereochemistryStereoisomers:isomersthathavethesameatomsbondedtooneanother(sameconstitution),butdifferent3-Dorientationoftheatomsinspace.Conformationalstereoisomers:interconvertbyrotationaboutabondstaggeredandeclipsedconformersgaucheandanticonformerschair-chairconformersConfigurationalstereoisomers:can’tbeinterconvertedcisandtransisomersEandZisomersTwonewones:enantiomers:stereoisomersthatarenonsuperimposablemirrorimagesdiastereomers:stereoisomersthatarenotmirrorimagesCis-TransIsomers§7.1MolecularChirality.EnantiomersWhyischiralityimportant?Chiralspeciesdoesnotfitinbindingsite(mismatchedkeyandlock)(a)StructuresAandBaremirror-imagerepresentationsofbromochlorofluoromethaneEnantiomers(b)ReorientBbyturningit180(c)CompareAandB’.Thetwodonotmatch.Stereoisomersthatarerelatedasanobjectanditsnonsuperposablemirrorimageareclassifiedasenantiomers.(对映异构体)手性分子(Chiralmolecules)实体与镜象不能重合分子手性中心(Chiralcenter)：与四个不同原子或基团相接原子主要有：C,N,S,P手性分子特点：分子中一个碳原子与四个不同原子或基团相连接—对应碳原子称之为手性碳(惯用C*表示)AchiralcompoundshavesuperimposablemirrorimagesChiralcompoundshavenonsuperimposablemirrorimagesMirro-imageformsofchloroflouromethanearesuperposable(可置于上面,可重叠,可叠合)upononeanother.Chlorodifluoromethaneisachiral.(非手性)ChloroflouromethaneDrawingEnantiomersAstereocenter(stereogeniccenter)isanatomatwhichtheinterchangeoftwogroupsproducesastereoisomer§7.2TheStereogenicCenter§7.3SymmetryinAchiralStructuresSymmetryAxis对称轴—一条直线通过度子，使分子绕此直线旋转一定角度后而能与本来分子重叠直线绕轴转动，转动角度后能与原分子重叠，则360/=n为该分子n重对称轴，用Cn表示CH2Cl2Centerofsymmetry对称中心ChiralityandSymmetryDiastereomersarestereoisomersthatarenotenantiomersIdentificationofAsymmetricCarbonsinCyclicCompoundsMesoCompoundsAslongasanyoneconformerofacompoundhasaplaneofsymmetry,thecompoundwillbeachiral§7.4PropertiesofChiralMolecules:OpticalActivityNicolprisms:7.4.2OpticalActivity旋光性Asubstancewhichcausestheplaneofpolarizedlighttoundergoarotationissaidtobeopticalactive.Theangleofrotationissimplereferredtoasobservedrotation(旋光度).Thephysicalpropertiesofenantiomersareidentical(m.