语法非谓语动词精讲.doc

非谓语动词
非谓语动词指不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。
I动词不定式动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成，如tolaugh,toshout,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。1.动词不定式的形式
时态主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing例1：Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主动态）例2：Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)例3：Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)例4：Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)例5：Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)例6：We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式)
2.动词不定式在句中充当的成分(1)作主语。例如：Toseeyouisalwaysapleasure.Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.在很多情况下，常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。例如：Itfeelsgoodtobeouthereforawhile.It’sdifficultformetorecallhisname.
(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：afford,agree,ask,attempt,bet,bother,begin,cease,claim,decline,demand,desire,dislike,expect,hasten,hate,hope,learn,decide,seem,intend,try,hesitate,permit,refuse,manage,order,compel,persuade,tend,fail,consent,choose,forget,mean,pledge,pretend,promise,seek,refuse,struggle,threaten,venture,volunteer,wait,wish等。例如：Hemanagedtopasstheexam.Hepersuadedmetoaccepttheinvitation.Hepromisedtobehereatnine.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.在某些复合宾语中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语(ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish)例如:Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.Ihavenodesiretotravel.You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.Thereisnoneedtobotherhimwithsuchtrifles.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。例如：Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
(4)作状语。例如：Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(soasto,inorderto表目的)Hetriedonlytofail.(表结