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BrainDrainandInternationalExchangeofPersonnel.doc

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BrainDrainandInternationalExchangeofpersonnel ExecutiveDevelopmentPrograminPublicPolicyandManagement StateAdministrationofForeignExpertsAffairs,PRC TerrySanfordInstituteofPublicPolicy,DukeUniversity Fall2006 RobertWang(Haiyang) Keywords:Braindrain,braincirculation,brainrecirculation,emigration,publicpolicy,internationalexchangeofpersonnel Introduction Braindrainhasexperienceddifferentstages.DuringtheWorldWarII,scientistsofGermany‘wereinvited’totheUnitedStates,andhelpedtheboomingtheUSeconomylateonandthen.ScientistsimmigratedtotheUSfromBritain,thatwasoriginallydefinedas‘braindrain’,braindraindiffusedthentomanydevelopingcountries,suchasAfricancountries,LatinAmerica,China,India,etc.andsomeSecondWorldcountriesaswell,say,Canada. Thebraindrainhaschangeditsfaceastheglobaleconomicbooming,especiallytheso-calledglobalknowledge-basedeconomytakingonitsevernewlook.Braindrainhaschangeditswayfromwhatitwas,frombraindraintobraincirculationorbrainrecirculation,nomatterhowitchanges,theasymmetryoftheflowskeepsthesame,thepoorprovidetherichwitheducatedworkforce,thehostcountriesgainwhileorigincountriesloseintermsofbraindrain. Inordertostepintothefasttrackofeconomicdevelopment,differentcountryhastrieddifferentwaystoapproachtothat,onecommongroundisthatdifferentcountriesagreeuponthesameideathatresearchanddevelopmenthasbecomeamajorsourceofwealthofsocio-economicdevelopment,knowledgeispowerinanotherway,thatarousedintensecompetitionbetweencountriestoattractqualifiedscientistsandtechnologistsJean-BaptisteMeyer,Policyimpicationsofthebraindrain’schangingface,May2003.http://www.sicidev.net/braindrain . Howbraindrainworksthatdependsonthepushforcesorfactorsandthepullforceswhichhavebeensortedtogroups.Rootcausesofbraindraincanbefoundfromtheanalysisofthefactors,differentcountriesadoptdifferentwayandpoliciesupondifferentrequirementsandconditionsofthecountrytoimplementtheirpolicyinstruments. Asthebraindrainorbraincirculationgoingon,therearedifferentimpactsondifferentcountries.Aclearanswercanbem