高中英语阅读理解备考策略阅读理解之词义猜测题.ppt

阅读理解之词义猜测题以例说法阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见的命题方式：
Thephrase“...”couldbereplacedby________.
Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto________.
Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?
Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？
Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：
(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所
以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑
的推测。
(2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往
往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利
用它们猜词义较容易。(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转
折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短
语表达出来，如but,or,however,so,because等。
(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的
意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。(2011·浙江高考，A篇)OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'smadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain，”shetoldtheBBC.Whoistoblamehere?RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUs,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit'snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskey­boards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap­makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.Ormaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthatthe