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英语阅读理解题型专项复习----词义猜测 一、猜测词义通常分为两大类: 一是大纲要求掌握的词汇,但是熟词新义,并不是很容易把握; 二是超纲词汇,即要求考生根据文章猜测词义。 三是根据上下文判断代词it,this,he和they等的指代关系。 二、设问形式 1.Theunderlinedword/phrase“…”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans____. 2.By“…”(Paragraph2),theauthormeans____. 3.Theword“…”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto____. 4.“They”inParagraph1mostprobablyrefersto___. 5.Theword“that”inLine3standsfor____. 6.InLine8theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby___. 三、解题策略: 1.释义法。阅读文章中某些生词在上下文中得到解释或说明。这些解释以下定义、定语从句、标点符号(逗号/破折号/括号)、解释词(or/thatis/thatistosay/inotherwords)、表语形式出现2.举例法。在一些文章中,下文所举的例子(如forexample/forinstance/suchas/like/namely)给考生猜测词义提供线索。3.构词法。考生依据构词法方面的知识对生词进行猜测。特别要掌握常见的前缀和后缀。※前缀:super-(超);inter-(在…之间),mini-(极少的/微型的),micro-(极微小的)其他前缀:re-重复,co-共同、平等,mini-微型,over-过度,super-超级,pre-前,post-后,vice-副的,en-使,tele-远程 否定前缀:dis-,in-,mis-,un-,non-; ※后缀:-proof(防…的,…不能穿透的),-some(易于…的),-less(不,无),- 后缀,构成可数名词:-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-ese,-ess 后缀,构成抽象名词:-ment,-tion,-ness,-sion,-ery,-ing 形容词后缀:-al,-ble,-er,-ful,-ish,-ive,-less,-y,-ous 动词后缀:-en,-ize,-ify例:weaken,realize,satisfy 4.对比法。根据词语之音的对等(and,or)或相反(but,however,ontheotherhand,though)关系猜测词义。5.上下文法。根据上下文找复现或同现信息。6.常识法。考生利用生活常识、英语语言常识、英语国家文化常识进行猜测词义。 四、词义猜测练习 1.Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.… 68.Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inParagraph4means____________.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret 2.Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.” 70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans. A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection 3.…Fermat’sLastTheorem(定理),firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworking