高一英语暑假专题——情态动词译林版教材 知识精讲.doc

高一英语暑假专题——情态动词译林版

【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容：
暑假专题——情态动词

二.教学目标：
掌握情态动词

三.教学重难点：
情态动词

（一）表示能力时只能用can（现在）：
coulddo…过去能做……
was/wereabletodo…过去能做；过去设法成功完成某一具体动作=managetodo=succeedindoing
eg.Wecanandmustconquerthesedifficulties.
eg.Whocanproveit?
eg.Hecouldrunandwasagoodtennisplayer.
eg.IwasabletoswimacrosstheriverwhenIwasonlytenyearsold.
eg.Becausehewasyoung,hecouldn’t/wasnotabletoswimacrosstheriver.

（二）表推测时：
may/might[语气最不肯定，多用于（肯，否）定句]可能
eg.
can[语气肯定，多用于疑问、否定和感叹句]可能
eg.Youcan’teatyourbreadandhaveit.
eg.—LiPing,someoneiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Whocanitbe?
—Itmaybetheheadmaster.
—Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoBeijing.
—ItmustbeMr.Li.Helooksliketheheadmaster.
could[较can不确定，也可用于肯定句]可能
must[语气最肯定，只用肯定]一定
should[表可能性，推论，推测，期待等]按理该，估计
oughtto[表示可能性，揣测，猜测，期望等]照说应该，理应
eg.Ifhestartedatsix,heoughttobeherenow.
may/mighthave+ed（语气不肯定）过去可能……
eg.—Ididn’tseeTomatthemeetinglastnight.
—Shemighthavebeenill,Iguess.
can’t/couldn’thave+ed（语气肯定）过去不可能……
musthave+ed（语气肯定）过去一定
eg.Thegroundisdry.Itcan’t/couldn’thaverainedlastnight.
eg.Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.
shouldhave+ed（据实推论）按理应该……
eg.MyclassmatesshouldhavearrivedinShanghaibythistime.
oughttohave+ed（据实推论）过去按理该……
eg.Iftheyhadstartedat6o’clock,theyoughttohavegottherebynow.

（三）表责备时：
may/mighthave+ed（语气委婉）过去本可能…
eg.Shemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughshewasverybusy.
can/couldhave+ed（语气委婉）过去本能…
eg.Wecouldhaveattendedthemeeting,butwehadalotoftrafficonourway.
shouldhave+ed（语气强烈）过去本该…，而未…
eg.Thetreeisdead.MaybeIshouldhavegivenmorewater.
oughttohave+ed（语气强烈）过去本应该…，而未…
eg.Mysisterfailedinmathsagain.Ioughttohavegivenhermorehelp.
needn’thave+ed（无责备之意）过去本不必…，却做了…
eg.Weneedn’thavewaitedforhim.Awholenightwaswasted.

（四）表未曾实现：
was/weretohave+ed过去本打算/本想……
eg.Myteacherwastohavecomeherelastnight,buthehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.
eg.Theplanewastohavetakenoffatseven,butsomethingwentwrong.
shouldlike/lovetohave+ed过去本想…而没…
＝wouldlike/lovetohave+ed…
＝shouldhaveliked/lovedtodo…
＝wouldhaveliked/lovedtodo…
eg.IwouldliketohavegonetovisitmyEnglishteache