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以英语为背景的学习者习得汉语量词偏误分析.docx

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以英语为背景的学习者习得汉语量词偏误分析 Introduction Countingwords,alsoknownasnounclassifiersormeasurewords,areanintegralpartofChinesegrammar.Theyareusedtoindicatethequantityofthings,people,oranimalsinasentence.LearningthemisessentialforanyoneseekingtospeakChinesefluently.However,asaforeignlearnerofChinese,itiscommontoencounterdifficultiesinmasteringthecorrectusageofChinesecountingwords.ThispaperaimstoanalyzetheerrorsmadebyEnglishbackgroundlearnersinacquiringChinesecountingwords. CommonErrorPatterns 1.Overgeneralization OvergeneralizationisacommonmistakemadebyEnglishbackgroundlearners,wherebytheyuseasinglecountingwordforallthenouns.Forinstance,theymayusethecountingword‘个’(gè)foreverything,includingobjectsthatrequireaspecificcountingword.Thisisacommonerrorduetothefactthat‘个’isoneofthemostcommonlyusedcountingwordsinChinese. 2.Notunderstandingtheimportanceofcountingwords Asmentionedearlier,countingwordsareanessentialpartoftheChinesegrammarsystem.Therefore,Englishbackgroundlearnerswhodonotpayenoughattentiontocountingwordstendtomakeerrors.Somelearnersmayskipusingcountingwordsaltogether,whileothersmayusethewrongcountingwordforaparticularnoun. 3.Misunderstandingthemeaningsofcountingwords TheChineselanguagehasavastrangeofcountingwords,andeachwordhasitsuniquemeaning.AcommonerrormadebyEnglishbackgroundlearnersistoassignthesamemeaningtodifferentcountingwords.Forexample,theymayuse‘只’(zhī)forobjectsthatrequire‘条’(tiáo)or‘根’(gēn).Theymayalsouse‘条’forobjectsthatrequire‘个’. 4.Lackofcontextualknowledge AnothercommonerrormadebyEnglishbackgroundlearnersisalackofcontextualknowledge.Chinesecountingwordsarenotinterchangeable,andtheyvarydependingonthecontext.Forexample,thecountingword‘架’(jià)isusedforvehicles,while‘台’(tái)isusedforelectronicdevices,suchascomputersortelevisions. Factorsthatinfluenceerrorpatterns 1.L1transfer OneofthesignificantfactorsthatinfluencetheuseofChinesecountingwordsbyEnglishbackgroundlearnersisL1transfer.Learnerstendtotransferthegrammaticalrulesoftheirmothertonguetothetargetlanguage