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大学生内隐-外显性态度的测量与关系.docx

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大学生内隐-外显性态度的测量与关系 Intro: Attitudeisanevaluationthatshapesourbehavior,feelings,thoughts,andactionstowardsanobjectorissue.Attitudes,ingeneral,canbeexplicitorimplicit.Explicitattitudesareconscious,aware,andcaneasilybeverbalized,whereasimplicitattitudesareoftenunconscious,automatic,andmaynotbeconsciouslyaccessible.Attitudesareimportantindifferentaspectsoflife,includinginterpersonalrelations,healthbehaviors,andacademicachievement.Therefore,understandingattitudesandtheirrelationshipiscrucial. Universitystudentsareanimportantgrouptostudyregardingattitudes.Theyareenteringadulthoodandencounteringmanychangesandchallenges.Investigatingtheattitudesofuniversitystudentscanhelpexploretheimpactofthesechallengesonthemandpredicttheirfuturebehavior.Tomeasureattitudes,researchersusevariousinstrumentsthatefficientlycaptureexplicitandimplicitattitudes. Measurement: Themeasurementofattitudescanbechallenging,especiallywhenitinvolvesimplicitattitudes.Traditionally,explicitattitudeshavebeenmeasuredusingself-reportedquestionnairesorsurveys.However,researchershavedevelopedseveraltechniquestomeasureimplicitattitudestoovercomelimitationsofself-reportmeasures.OnesuchmeasureistheImplicitAssociationTest(IAT),whichmeasuresthestrengthoftheautomaticassociationbetweenconcepts.TheIATrequiresindividualstocategorizeobjectsorconceptsbasedonhowquicklytheyassociatethemwithpositiveornegativewords.Thistestiswidelyusedtomeasureimplicitattitudestowardssensitiveissuessuchasrace,gender,andsexualorientation.Anotherwidelyusedmeasureofimplicitattitudesistheaffectivemisattributionprocedure.Thisprocedureusesreactiontimetoassessindividuals'automaticpreferencesforstimuli. Relationship: Severalstudieshaveexploredtherelationshipbetweenimplicitandexplicitattitudes.Thesestudiessuggestthatimplicitattitudescanbeabetterpredictorofbehavior.Forexample,astudybyFazioetal.(1995)foundthatimplicitattitudestowardsapoliticalcandidatewerebetterpredictorsofvotingbehaviorthanexplicitattitudes.Similarly,implicitattitudestowardsexercisehaveb