医学髌骨病变的影像学表现PPT培训课件.ppt

髌骨病变的影像学表现

Fig.1:Normalkneeradiographs
图1：正常膝关节Sagittalprotondensity(a)andaxialfat-suppressedT2-weighted(b)MRimagesofanormalknee.Notethelowsignalpatellar(PT)andquadriceps(QT)tendonsandthethick,homogeneous-appearingpatellarcartillage(redarrows).Notethelateralandmediaretinacula,passivestabilizersofthepatella.

Fig.2:NormalMRimages
图2：正常膝关节MR图像In1941,Wibergclassifiedpatellarshapeintothreedifferentmorphologies:
TypeI(a)demonstratesroughlysymmetricandequal-sized,concavemedial(MF)andlateral(LF)patellarfacets.
TypeII(b)showsamedialfacetthatisslightlysmallerthanthelateralfacetandaconcavelateralfacet.
TypeIII(c)alsoshowsasmallerandmoreverticallyorientedmedialpatellarfacet,whichisassociatedwithmaltrackingdisorders[18].

Fig.3:Variationsinpatellarmorphology
图3：髌骨形态变异5-year-oldmalewithhereditaryosteo-onychodysplasia(nail-patellasyndrome).AP(a),later(b),andaxial(c)viewsofthekneedemonstratecompleteabsenceofthebilateralpatellarossificationcenters.
Fig.4:Patellaraplasia
图4：髌骨发育不良
5岁男孩遗传性指(趾)甲-髌骨综合征（nail-patellasyndrome）Anteroposteriorandaxialradiographs(a)showbilateral,well-corticatedossifiedfragmentsinthesuperolateralaspectofthepatellas(arrows).CoronalandaxialT2-weightedfat-suppressedMRimage(b)showthewell-corticatedossifiedfragment.Notethenormalbonemarrowsignalandcartilageacrossthesynchondrisis,Thewell-corticatednatureofthefragmentandlackofabnormalmarrowsignalhelptodifferentiatethisentityfromapatellarfracture.

Fig.5:Bipartitepatella
图5：二分髌骨Anteroposterior,lateral,andaxialradiographs(s)showalucent,roundlesionwithwell-definedmarginsatthesuperolateralaspectofthepatella(arrows).SagittalprotondensityandaxialT2-weightedfat-suppressedMRimages(b)showafocalsubchondralosseousdefectwithintact-appearingoverlyingcartilage;thecartilageisthickened,andfillsthedefect.Thereisnormalbonemarrowsignalandsmooth,homogeneoussignalofthearticularcartilage.

Fig.6:Dorsaldefectofthepatella
图6：髌骨背侧缺损（DDP）Congenitalpatellaaltaisananatomicriskfactorforpatellofemoralinstability.Theinsall-Salvatiindexistheratioo