英汉对比翻译.doc

LECTURE1
Part1
NativeLanguageTransferinFLLearning:InterferenceorFacilitation?
外语学习中的母语迁移：干扰还是促进？
Therearetwotypesoftransfer:NegativeTransferandPositiveTransfer.KeenawarenessofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagescanfacilitateFLlearning.

ThecausesofInterferenceinNegativeTransfer:
·analogicaluseofone’spriorknowledgeofthemothertongue
母语先知结构的类推运用
·scantyknowledgeofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages
对两种语言的差异所知甚少
·unconsciousfallingbackonthemothertonguespeechhabit
不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯

ExamplesofNegativeTransfer:
①Phonologicaltransfer(语音迁移)
Thesound/n/doesnotexistinsomeChinesedialectsand/l/servesasasubstitute.Thewriterlikeswritingatlight(night).
②Morphologicaltransfer（词形迁移）
NeithernounsnorverbshaveinflectionsinChinese.
Heonlyeattwomealaday.
③Collocationtransfer(搭配迁移)
Thenounrenkou,theChineseequivalentof‘population’,canhaveanumericalpre-modifier.Shanghaiissaidtohavethirteenmillionpopulation.
④Syntacticaltransfer(句型迁移)
Theverbjianyi,theChineseequivalentof‘suggest’,canbeusedinVOCpatterninChinese.Hesuggestedmetoacceptthisoffer.
⑤Pragmatictransfer(语用迁移)
ThenegativereplytoacomplimentisconsideredinChineseasmodestandcourteous.
--YourEnglishiswonderful.
--No,no.MyEnglishisstillpoor.
PartTwo
AContrastiveStudyofEnglishandChinese英汉语对比研究
ContrastBetweenEnglishandChinese
Chinese:
·Meaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence(隐性连贯)
·left-extending,heavy-headedlikealion
·movingpointofsight
·bamboo-likesentencestructurewithdifferentsectionslinkedandyetseparated（竹式结构）
·Topic-CommentSentenceStructure
·Orderoflinguisticelements:relativelyfixedlikebamboo-making（制竹）
（语序相对固定）
English:
·Form-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitcohesion（显性联接）
·English:right-extendingheavy-tailedlikeapeacockfixedpointofsight
·tree-likesentencestructurewithdifferentpartsconnectedlikebranchesandsub-branchestothetrunkline.（树式结构）
·Subject-PredicateSentenceStructure
·Orderoflinguisticelements:relativelyflexiblelikeblock-building（积木）
（语序相对灵活）

Example:
Chinese:bamboo-likesentencestructure（竹式结构）
Thechunksofasentences