新编英语教程 4 Unit 2 拓展知识.ppt

FurtherdevelopmentMoreexamplesMoreexamples2.Euphemism2)ThePurposeofEuphemisms
--allculturestypicallyusethemtotalkaboutthingstheyfindterrifying(e.g.,war,sickness,death)
--weuseeuphemismstoexpresstaboos,aswefeel,onsomeinstinctuallevel,thattheeuphemismkeepsusatsafedistancefromthetabooitself.
--Anotheruseofeuphemismsistoelevatethestatusofsomething(e.g.,usingeducatorforteacher,attorneyforlawyer);butingeneral,weuseeuphemismstoexpresswhatissociallydifficulttoexpressindirectterms.3)LatinateRootsofEuphemisms
AgreatnumberofeuphemismsinEnglishcomefromwordswithLatinateroots.Farb(1974)writesthataftertheNormanConquestofEnglandin1066,“thecommunitybegantomakeadistinctionbetweenagenteelandanobscenevocabulary,betweentheLatinatewordsoftheupperclassandthelustyAnglo-Saxonofthelower.Thatiswhyaduchessperspiredandexpectoratedandmenstruated--whileakitchenmaidsweatedandspatandbled."(p.80)4)ShortGlossaryofWordsandTheirEuphemisms
①backwardstudents---
slowlearner(学习进步缓慢的人)/underachiever(成就较小的学生)
onewhorequiredextraattention(精神要特别集中的人)
specialstudents/differentstudents/studentswithlimitedabilities
studentswhohavedifficultiesinschool②mentaldefective(有智力缺陷的人)
retardedstudents(智力迟钝的学生)–
mentalchallengedstudent(智力方面遇到困难的学生)
personwithlowerscholasticmentalcapability
studentsslightlybelowtheaverage
③dropout(辍学者)----earlyschoolleaver
④stupidornaïvestudentswhoaresubjectivetobecheated
onewhocan’tspell(inprimaryschool)oronewhoneveramountstoanybody⑤old---ageful;advancedinage(上了岁数);elderly;seniorcitizens;
thelongerliving;seasonedman;homeforadults/theage(养老院)；anadultscommunity(老人区)
⑥prostitute---girl;streetwalker;ladyofpleasure
⑦thepoor---thedeprived;manofmodestmeans;thelesswelloff;low-incomegroup
⑧therich---thelessdeprived;peopleofmeans;thewelloff