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奈达翻译理论动态功能对等的新认识.pdf

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ToEquivalenceandBeyond:ReflectionsontheSignificanceofEugeneA.Nidafor BibleTranslating1 KennethA.Cherney,Jr. It’sbeensaid,anditmaybetrue,thattherearetwokindsofpeople—thosewho dividepeopleintotwokindsandthosewhodon’t.Similarly,therearetwoapproachesto Bibletranslation—approachesthatdividetranslationsintotwokindsandthosethatrefuse. TheparadeexampleoftheformerisJerome’sclaimthatatranslator’soptionsarefinally onlytwo:“word-for-word”or“sense-for-sense.”2Regardlessofwhetherheintendedto, JeromesettheentireconversationaboutBibletranslatingonacoursefromwhichit wouldnotdeviateformorethanfifteenhundredyears;andsomeobserversinthefieldof translationstudieshavecometoviewJerome’s“either/or”asanunhelpfulrutfrom whichthefieldhasbeguntoextricateitselfonlyrecentlyandwithdifficulty. Anotherfamiliardichotomyisthedistinctionbetween“formalcorrespondence” translatingononehandand“dynamicequivalence”(moreproperly“functional equivalence,”onwhichseebelowontheother.Thedistinctionaroseviatheworkofthe mostinfluentialfigureinthemodernhistoryofBibletranslating:EugeneAlbertNida (1914-2011.Itisimpossibletoimaginethecurrentstateofthefieldoftranslationstudies, andespeciallyBibletranslating,withoutNida.Notonlyishetheunquestionedpioneerof modern,so-called“meaning-based”translating;3hemaybemoreresponsiblethanany otherindividualforputtingBiblesinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworldthattheycan readandunderstand. 1Thisarticleincludesmaterialfromtheauthor’sdoctoralthesis(stillinprogress, “AllusionasTranslationProblem:PortugueseVersionsofSecondIsaiahasTestCase” (StellenboschUniversity,Drs.ChristoVanderMerweandHendrikBosman,promoters. 2Jerome,“LettertoPammachius,”inLawrenceVenuti,ed.,TheTranslationStudies Reader,2nded.(NYandLondon:Routledge,2004,p.23. originalityofhisscholarshipisasamazingasitsbreadth;forinstance,hedidground- breakingworkinsocio-linguisticsbeforeit wasentirelyclearthattherewassuchathing.4Colleaguesandstudentsoftenremark onthementalagilityandopennesstocriticismthatenabledhimtoholdconclusions ligh