英汉句子对比.ppt

句法的理解与翻译

Syntacticunderstandingandtranslation1.1英语重形合，汉语重意合例：Accomplishmentisoftendeceptivebecausewedon’tseethepainandperseverancethatproducedit.Sowemaycredittheachieverwithbrains,brawnorluckybreakandletourselvesoffthehookbecausewefallshortinallthree.

【译文】成就常常使人产生错觉，使人只看到功成名就，却看不到成就的来之不易，和为之所付出的艰辛困苦，总以为成功者之所以成功是因为人家身体棒、脑子灵、运气好，从而为自己找借口开脱，说自己没有获得成功是因为自己不具备上述这三条。1.2英语爱化零为整，汉语喜化整为零例：HarvardBusinessSchoolopenedintheearly20thcentury,andpioneeredthecase-studymethodofteaching—makinguseofreal-worldscenarios,insteadofrelyingonacademictheory—amethodologythathasremainedthebasesformanyMBAprogrammesaroundtheworldtoday.

【译文】哈佛商学院成立于20世纪初，它开了个案研究教学法之先河，即在教学中运用现实生活中的案例，而不是单纯依靠学术理论，这种方法业已成为当今世界MBA课程的基础。1.3英语语序变换多，汉语语序较固定例：ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1300passengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.

【译文】白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1300多名乘客遇难。此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。1.4英语多被动，汉语常用主动例：Thelittlecares,fears,tears,timidmisgivings,sleeplessfanciesofIdon’tknowhowmanydaysandnights,wereforgotten,underonemoment’sinfluenceofthatfamiliar,irresistiblesmile.(Thackeray:VanityFair)

【译文】他那熟悉的笑容有一股不可抵抗的魔力，多少天来牵肠挂肚、淌眼抹泪，心里疑疑惑惑，晚上胡思乱想睡不着，一看见他，顷刻之间就把一切忧虑忘得精光。（杨必译）1．Isupposethatifamanhasaconfusedmindhewillwriteinaconfusedway,ifhistemperiscapricioushisprosewillbefantastical,andifhehasaquick,dartingintelligencethatisremindedbythematterinhandofahundredthings,hewill,unlesshehasgreatself-control,loadhispageswithmetaphorandsimile.

【译文】我想，如果一个人思路不清，写起文章来也会杂乱无章；如果他性情多变、喜怒无常，他的文章也会充满奇思妙想；如果他思路敏捷，能由眼前之事联想到上百件事，除非他有很强的自我约束力，他的文章就会满篇是比喻联想。2．IsincerelyhopethatyourcongratulationswillbematchedbyyourcollectiveendeavourtoseekajustandpracticalsolutiontotheproblemwhichhasbedeviledtheUnitedNationsforsomanyyears.

【译文】我们诚恳地希望，你们在表示祝贺之后，能作出相应的共同努力，以便寻求一个公正可行的办法，来解决这个多年来一直困扰着联合国的问题。3．Theyoftendonotrealizethatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesand,insome,hasbeenawayoflifeforcenturies.

【译文】他