【方式】高低语境跨文化交际.pdf

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【关键字】方式
1Highcontextculture（高语境文化）：

Culturesinwhichlesshastobesaidorwrittenbecausemoreofthemeaning
isinthephysicalenvironmentoralreadysharedbypeoplearelabeledhigh
context.（在高语境文化中，在人们交际时，有较多的信息量或者蕴涵在社会文化
环境和情景中，或者内化于交际者的心中；相对地讲，明显的语码则负载较少的信
息量。这也意味着，在强交际环境文化的人们对微妙的环境提示较为敏感。）
Lowcontextculture（低语境文化）：
Culturesinwhichlittleofthemeaningisdeterminedbythecontextbecausethe
messageisencodedintheexplicitcodearelabeledlowcontext.（在低语境文化
中，交际过程中所产生的信息量的大部分由显性的语码负载，相对地讲，只有少量
的信息蕴涵在隐性的环境和情景中。这也意味着，在低语境文化中的人们习惯用语
言本身的力量来进行交际。）
2GeneralIntroductiontoHigh-contextandLow-contextCulturesAnthropologist
EdwardT.Hall’stheoryofhigh-andlow-contextculturehelpsusbetter
understandthepowerfuleffectculturehasoncommunication.Akeyfactorinhis
theoryiscontext.Thisrelatestotheframework,background,andsurrounding
circumstancesinwhichcommunicationoraneventtakesplace.
High-contextcultures(includingmuchoftheMiddleEast,Asia,Africa,andSouth
America)arerelational,collectivist,intuitive,andcontemplative.Thismeansthat
peopleintheseculturesemphasizeinterpersonalrelationships.Developingtrust
isanimportantfirststeptoanybusinesstransaction.AccordingtoHall,these
culturesarecollectivist,preferringgroupharmonyandconsensustoindividual
achievement.Andpeopleintheseculturesarelessgovernedbyreasonthanby
intuitionorfeelings.Wordsarenotsoimportantascontext,whichmightinclude
thespeaker’stoneofvoice,facialexpression,gestures,posture—andeventhe
person’sfamilyhistoryandstatus.
AJapanesemanagerexplainedhisculture’scommunicationstyletoan
American:―Weareahomogeneouspeopleanddon’thavetospeakasmuchas
youdohere.Whenwesayoneword,weunderstandten,buthereyouhaveto
saytentounderstandone.High-contextcommunicationtendstobemoreindirect
andmoreformal.Flowerylanguage,humility,andelaborateapologiesaretypical.
Low-contextcultures(includingNorthAmericaandmuchofWesternEurope)are
logical,linear,individualistic,andaction-oriented.Peoplefromlow-context
culturesvaluelogic,facts,anddirectness.Solvingaproblemmeanslini