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口译unit3.ppt

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Unit3ObjectivesInterpretingSkillsNoteTakinganAidandanEvilNothingbutnotescanhelpaninterpreterovercomethelimitationofhumanmemory.Interpreterstakenotesfortwomajorpurposes. First,notescanaidmemory.Someelementsinaspeechcannotberecalledmerelyonthebasisofmemory. Second,notescanrepresentthestructureofaspeech.Writtennotes,evenwhenbriefincontent,canclearlyindicatehowideasarerelatedtoorseparatedfromoneanother,whichhelpsinterpretersreproducethestructureandmessageaccurately.2.AnEvil However,formanyinterpreters,notetakingissaidtobeanecessaryevil（必要之恶）.Itisregardedasanevilbecauseitcallsforacertainamountofdistributionofattentionanditmightinterfereinone’slistening.Thefactthattakingnotesdiverts（转移）attentionandinterfereswithlisteningposesthefirstobstacle. Thesecondproblemisthatuntrainedinterpretersareoftenatalosswhatnotesshouldbetakenandinwhichwaythenotesshouldbetaken. Themostessentialaspectsofconsecutiveinterpretingaretheprocessesoflistening,understanding,analysisandre-expression.Iftheseprocessesarenotwellcarriedout,eventhebestnotesintheworldwillnotproducegoodinterpretation.Therefore,note-takingisnotanendinitself,butameanstoanend.Notesaremeaninglessiftheydonotfunctionwellasaidsintheprocessesofinterpreting.TwoFeaturesofNote-taking2.TheNotesareEssentiallyIndividualinCharacter. Theabilitytonotedownwhatissaidvariesfrompersontoperson. Somepeoplemayhaveanexceptionallygoodmemoryandrememberdetails;othersmaybeparticularlyfamiliarwiththesubjectmatterinaparticularfield.Itisthereforenotfeasibleforabeginnertocopymechanicallyasystemofnotesusedbyanexperiencedinterpreter. Thenotestakenareusedimmediatelyandexclusively（专有地）bytheinterpreterhimself.Inotherwords,notesarenotintendedforotherstoreadorfortheinterpreterhimselftousewhentheinterpretingisover.Thecontentandsymbolsnoteddownvarywithindividualinterpreters.Onlypracticalexperienceandrepeatedexperimentscanshowaninterpreterwhattypeofnoteswillbebestsuitedforhim.WhatNotesToTake? Interpretersarenotabletonotedowneverywordhehears.Theyshallthereforebeveryclea