词汇学法指导.doc

高三英语学法指导与语法难点(五)
撰稿：李俊和编审：毕勤责编：隋瑜
一、英语词汇学习中的几个注意事项语言最小最基础的单位是词汇。词汇掌握得扎实准确，又会灵活运用，使用语言的能力就强。高考要考察的词汇与课本所学的词汇并非完全一致。高考词汇表共约2000个单词和500个左右词组。备战高考应把主要精力放在高考词汇表上，记一些课外单词对高考意义不大。以下是学习单词的一些建议：1.学习单词，不但要记住拼写，还要注意基本用法。比如说hope一词，就要知道常见用法是hopetodo，hope+thatclause，losehope，Ihopeso等等，还要知道不能用于hopesbtodosth这一结构，以及不说Idon'thopeso，但常说Ihopenot。2.词不离句，句不离文。不要孤立地学习单词，要结合句子和文章理解，记忆，复习单词。所以，不断地听说读写英语其实是学习单词的最好的办法。3.按单词用法分类记忆。如其后只跟doing的动词：enjoy,mind,practice,finish,consider,giveup等。又如不及物动词：lie,die,fall,talk,arrive,stand,sleep,look,cheer,hurry,sit.4.把名词分成若干类记忆。如：动物：ant,bird,cat,donkey,frog,panda.职业：teacher,worker,student,ballplayer,athlete。食品：burger,rice,chicken,fish,soup,potato.交通工具：car,bus,taxi,plane,ship,bicycle。建筑物：building,statue,hotel,stadium,hall。地名：Australia,Britain,China,Denmark,Egypt,France。5.按词类记忆如，介词：in,on,above,under,after,at,upon,through,by,across.连词：since,when,while,before,though,if,as,where,because,evenif.6.按拼写记忆如以o结尾的词：potato,tomato,piano,zoo,hero,zero,kilo,volcano,bamboo.又如含ght的词：thought,taught,light,bright,tight,right,caught,sought,night,fight.7.按前后缀记忆如以ion结尾的词：examination,imagination,conclusion,passion,discussion,如以th为开头的词：thank,thin,think,threat,the,then,than,throat,thought,又如以less结尾的词：wordless,nevertheless,hopeless,voiceless,harmless,needless,powerless,careless8.以动词为核心记词组。如takeout,takein,takeon,takepartin等。9．以副词为核心记忆词组。如breakout,comeout,findout,lookout等。二、语法知识易错点1.情态动词表推测反意疑问句。还原成原来的时态，再反问。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn'tit?Hemusthavewaitedforyouforalongtime,hasn'the?Hemustbewaitingforyououtside,isn'the?2.反意疑问句。1)Letus…,willyou?2)Let's…,shallwe?3)祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou。1)宾语从句反意疑问句原则上反主句，但是如果主语是I，则反从句。如：Hesaidyouwereagoodstudent,didn'the?Ithinkyouareright,aren'tyou?2)带有否定前后缀的句子还是肯定句；带有否定副词的句子在句中是否定句。如：Hedislikesyou,doesn'the?Heneverlikesyou,doeshe?误：Youfeedthebird,don'tyou?正：Youfeedthebird,willyou?3.现在分词。1)doing表主动，表进行；Theboilingwaterhurtsmebadly.2)beingdone表被动，表进行；Thequestionbeingdiscussednowwasraisedbyme.3)havingdone表主动，表完成；Havingwashedhisfeet,hewenttobed.4)havingbeendo