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跨文化交际期末.pdf

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定义题 1.Whatis“interculturalcommunication”?P6 refertocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundsaredistinctenoughto altertheircommunicationevent. Therearethreekindsofthingsyouneedtolearnifyouwanttobeabletocommunicate effectivelywithWesterners.First,youneedtolearnaforeignlanguage,usuallyEnglish.Second, youshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleaboutWesterncultures.However,studyingEnglish languageandWesterncultureisnotenough.Youshouldalsolearnsomethingaboutwhathappens whenpeoplefromdifferentculturestrytocommunicatewitheachother—inotherwords, 2.Whatisaculture?P13 Acultureisessentiallyagroupofpeoplewhocarrymanyofthesameideasintheirheads. Culture:canbeenseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoact appropriatelyinagivenculture. Culture:alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffect thebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople 3.Whatarestereotypes?P13 Stereotypesmeansverybroadgeneralizationssuchas“Britishpeoplearepolite,”“Americans arefriendly”,andsoforth. Itisaderogatoryword.Itmeansthatimage,idea,characterthathasbecomefixedor standardizedinaconventionalformwithoutindividualityandisthereforefalseandshallow. Stereotypesmayhaveabasisinfact,buttheyaretoobroadandshallow,andtheygiveusthe mistakenideathatapeople’sculturecanbesummedupeasilyinafewshort,simplestatements. Stereotypesarealsodangerousbecausetheymaytrickusintobelievingthatknowingafew stereotypesisthesamethingasunderstandinganotherculture. 4.Whatdoes“interpretation”means?P24 Averyimportantaspectofinterculturalcommunicationis“interpretation”,the processofdecidingwhatforeigners’wordsandactionsmeanandwhytheydowhattheydo.For example,whenXiaoLitriestounderstandwhythetaxidriveraskedforsomuchmoney,sheis “interpreting”hisbehavior. 5.Individualistp32 Individualistcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoviewthemselvesasindividualsand emphasizetheneedsofindividuals.Ingeneral,Westernculturetendstobeindividualist.They viewthemselvesasindependentofcollectives;areprimarilymotivatedbytheirownpreferences, needs,rig