ving作定语状语.docx

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT4动词的ing形式作定语和状语概念引入：Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他住在一所朝南的房里里Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。语法讲解：V-ing形式V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。一、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作…之用”和“…的”。awalkingstick(astickusedforwalking)drinkingwater(waterfordrinking)awaitingroom(aroomforwaiting)workingpeopletherisingsun分词是短语形式,应放在所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=whocomefromseveralcountries.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.=whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.=whostandsthere二、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式一般式V-ingbeingV-ed完成式havingV-edhavingbeenV-ede.g.1.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)2.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造的这栋楼房是我们的新图书馆。(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中)3.Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作,他就回家了。现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。表时间状语1.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.Waitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.=AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.4)表结果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdied