写作讲座系列省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

写作讲座普通说来，短文包含引言段(introduction)、正文（body或development）和结论段（conclusion）。1)引言段对短文主题进行简明介绍以引发读者兴趣，并说明短文要讨论问题。2)正文对引言段中提出论题经过描述、对比、举例等伎俩进行叙述。3)在结论段中，考生应综合上述内容深入明确主题以及说明自己观点或评论。段落普通包含主题句（topicsentence）、扩展句或称阐述句(supportingsentence)和结论句(concludingsentence)。主题句说明段落主题；扩展句使主题句意思和论点更详细，但要隶属于主题句。结论句总括全段，是由扩展句归纳或推理出来结论性认识。主题句大多位于段首，这有利于紧紧围绕主题。但主题句位于段末可产生强烈效果，加深对中心思想印象。1.演绎法(deductionorganization)演绎法是从普通到详细推理写作方法。其主题句位于段落开头，点明段落中心思想，而其后续句子为拓展句，围绕主题而写。最终为结论句，深入概括和提升华主题。e.g.Self-confidenceSelf-confidence1)Self-confidenceisverynecessarytoyoursuccessinlife.2)Foronething,ithelpskeepyoucalm,fromtheverybeginning,inthefaceofwhatyouareunfamiliarwith.3)Moreoftenthannot,youfeelconfusedatthethoughtofsomethingforeigntoyou,butselfconfidencecangiveyouenoughcouragetofaceuptoit.4)Foranother,ithelpsyoutodrawuponmoreofyourpotentials.5)Wheneverthingsgowronginthecourseofyourstruggle,self-confidenceenablesyoutoplayyourcardsbetterthanissupposedto.6)Inshort,self-confidenceisoneofthedecisivecontributorstoyoursuccessinanything.2.归纳法(inductionorganization)归纳法是从详细到普通推理写作方法。其主题句位于段尾，表明作者观点，是全段中心思想。而之前句子用于说明结论性观点根由和依据。Self-confidence1)Youneedself-confidencetomeetthechallengesofeverythingnewinlife.2)Oncefacedwithanythingunfamiliartoyou,youcanfeelself-confidenceatwork,foritenablesyoutogetitunderyourcontrol.3)Furthermore,youneedself-confidencetoliftyououtofanydifficultsituation.4)Itoftenhappensthatyourunintomanytroublesonyourwaytothefinalgoal;andinthiscase,self-confidenceorthestrongwilltosucceedgivesfullerplaytoyourcapacities,thuschangingthethingsforthebetter.5)Tosumup,therefore,self-confidenceservesasadecisivefactorforyoursuccessinlife.3.无主题句段：这类段落主题思想已在上段结尾句说明。故其段首句则直接切入要叙述详细内容。OntheWar1)Likeitornot,thewarsliketheIraqionehavebeenpartofhumansociety.2)Abackwardlookatthelast50years,forexample,canfindthatthehumansocietyasawholehassufferedcountlesswars,likeKoreanWar,VietnamWar,thewarbetweenArabandIsraeli,thewarbetweenIraqandIran,theGulfWar,theYugoslaviaWar,etc.3)Tokeepthemfarawayfromourpeacefullifeforever,itisnecessar