动物营养学猪的营养需要英.ppt

动物营养学营养需要养猪王国东北民猪新淮猪巴克夏猪猪肉在肉食品中的地位NutritionoftheGrowingPigChapter13-1NutritionoftheGrowingPig体重（kg）仔猪出生后消化酶的变化动态Inswinedietformulation,thenutrientsornutrientcategoriesofmostconcernareenergy(DEorME),essentialaminoacids,calcium,phosphorus,traceminerals,andvitamins.机体化学成分的积累（合成代谢速度大于分解代谢速度）生长育肥2.GrowthrhythmCumulativegrowthcurveCompletepubertyRelativegrowthcurve(i)Log(gain/bodyweight)45Forepart:bonesMetaphase:musculature,bodylengthAnaphase:adiposetissue,bodyheightBodyaremainlycomposedofwaterandproteinintheearlygrowthstage;Fatconcentrationofthebodyincreasesrapidlyattheexpenseofwaterand,althoughthepercentageofproteinremainsratherstable.ChemicalbodycompositionofpigsWaterg/d根据生理特点和发育规律，按猪的体重将其生长过程划分为二个阶段即生长期和育肥期SecondperiodNutritionalneedsofgrowing-finishingpigsInformationneededforfactorialapproach1.1AnatomyofenergyrequirementsInformationneededforfactorialapproach1.2NetvaluesProteinretentioningrowingpigs(g/d)DWG(g/d)Thegrowthrateofmusculaturedecreases,whileitincreasesinadiposetissuerapidlyfromforeparttoanaphase,whichresultsthatthefatofbodyweightgainisincreased,contrarytolean.InformationneededforfactorialapproachEnergyintakeandenergyretention(Gaus,1984;W=69kg)TheenergycostofproteindepositionisgreaterthanthatforfatdepositionIthasbeenestimatedthatinapigof25kg,proteinsynthesisamountsto250-450g/d,butthenetproteindepositedisonly100g/d.EnergyconsumedbythegrowthofleanandfatChemicalbodycompositionofpigsEnergyrequirementforbodyweightgainisincreased,andthefeed/weightgainisincreased.2.EstimateofenergyrequirementsExampleGrowthtrials(生长试验)LevelofmetabolizableenergyaddedForthenutritionist,feedingstandardsprovideausefulbasefromwhichtoformulatedietsorestimatefeedrequirementsofanimals.Energyrequirementsofgrowingpigs-ChinaEnergyrequirementsofgrowingpigs-NRCThesefiguresaretheminimumrequirementsformaximumproductionanddonotincludeamarginofsafety.FoodintakeExcessintakeEnvironmentalconditions,stress,animalhousingconditions,breedorstrainofanimal,diseaseincidence,andprojectedlengthandconditionsoffe