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动物营养学繁殖母猪的营养需要.ppt

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NutritionoftheBreedingSwineBreedingSwineChapter13-2NutritionofthebreedingswineReproductivecycle(繁殖周期):Incontrasttotherequirementsforgrowingpigs,relativelylittleisknownabouttherequirementsofbreedingpigsM160kgReplacementgilts/sowsReplacementgiltsshouldbefedLH↑FSH↑atnightTheoptimaltimeforsupplementationMatingExample:PregnancyPregnancyMaintenanceenergyrequirements(MEm)canbeconsideredconstantoverpregnancy.Gestationalage(d)GestationalageFloodtideofdeath:Highlevelsoffeedintake(>2.5kg/day)duringthefirstthreedaysaftermatingreducedembryosurvivalingiltsbyabout5percentinonestudy(AherneandWilliams,1992)andby15percentinanother(Dycketal.,1980),butthereductioninsurvivaldoesnotconsistentlyresultinreducedlittersize.Stageofpregnancy,daysPregnancy孕期合成代谢Nutritionallevel若妊娠期间能量供应较多，会发生能量二次转化现象，降低饲料能量利用效率，即母猪在妊娠期中沉积较多体脂，然后在哺乳期中被调用，这样能量在体内经过两次转化：Pregnantsowswillconsumefarmorefeedvoluntarilythanrequiredandwillbecomeobeseifintakeisnotrestrictedtoca.1.8-2.3kgofahigh-concentratediet/day(6.600kcalofDE).Theamountofrestrictionneededisdependentuponthesizeandconditionoftheanimal,ofcourse.Thegestationdietmaycontain10to30percentalfalfamealorotherlowenergyingredienttoreducetheenergylevel.8to10percentcrudefiberNutritionistssuggestedthatsowsshouldbefedandmanagedsothattheygain25kgofmaternaltissuesthroughoutpregnancyforatleastthefirstthreeorfourparities.Theweightoftheplacentaandotherproductsofconceptionshouldbeapproximately20kg,foratotalof45kgofgestationalweightgainofthesowVoluntaryfeedintakechangesinlategestationIngeneral,anincreaseintheenergyintakeofthepregnantsowabove6.0McalofME/daywillincreasematernalweightgainbutwillnotsignificantlyaffectlittersizeatparturitionLactationParturitionTheoptimalfeedingstrategyforlactatingsowThelong-termreproductiveefficiencyofthesowisbestservedbyminimizingweightlossduringlactation.Theinclusionofaddedfatinthedietpriortofarrowingmayincreasetheenergystoresofthebabypigsatbirthandimproveneonatalsurvival.Ingeneral,thelysinerequirementsofpregnantsowsareslightlyhigher,andthelysin