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同位语从句讲解同位语从句讲解同位语从句讲解初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练(一)概念一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice,decision,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,promise,proposal,reply,report,suggestion,word(消息),problem,question,doubt,thought等。例如:Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon。当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你从哪儿听说我不能来?有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:ThethoughtcametohimthatTommighthavereturnedthebook。他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。(二)引导词请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法.1.ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.2。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere。3。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting4。Ihavenoideawhattheboyisdoinginthenextroomnow.5.Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.6.IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation。7.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.[小结归纳]①that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1;②whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句2;③连接代词who,what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3,4;④连接副词where,how,when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5,6,7。(三)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句①意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较:1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging。2。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging。[分析]句1中that引导同位语从句,说明“news”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。句2中that引导定语从句,对“news"加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道.②that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用,而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分.试比较:1.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeaCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.2。Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren。[分析]句1中that引导同位语从句,其中that无词义,也不充当任何成分;句2中that引导定语从句,that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语,且that可以用which替换。③可否省略:that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略.在引导定语从句时,若在从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略。[即学即用]I.请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整.1。Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.2.Thefact_______hedidn’tseeTomthismorningistrue.3.Wordhascome_______someAmericanguestswillcometoourcolle-geforavisitnextweek。4.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday。5。Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?6。Theproblem_______weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedeci