智能循迹避障小车制造设计.doc

摘要本系统以设计题目标要求为目标，采取80C51单片机为控制关键，利用红外线传感器进行寻线，控制电动小汽车自动循迹，并再经过光电开关探测障碍，从而控制电机转向，实现进行壁障功效。整个系统电路结构简单，可靠性能高，试验测试结果满足要求。本文着重叙述了该系统硬件设计方法、软件设计方法及测试结果分析。小车运行方案，在现有玩具电动车基础上，加装红外线光电开关模块和红外寻线模块，实现对电动车位置、运行情况实时测量，并将测量数据传送至单片机进行处理，然后由单片机依据所检测多种数据实现对电动车智能控制。关键词：80C51单片机、红外线传感器、光电开关、电动小车AbstractThesystemrequirementsofthedesignprojectforthepurposeofthe80C51microcontrollerforthecontrolofthecore,theuseofthehuntandinfraredsensors,automaticobstacleacoidancecontrolofelectriccars,andthephotoelectricswitchtothebarrierfunction.Theelectriccircuitconstructionofwholesystemissimple,thefunctionisdependable.Experimenttestresultsatisfytherequest,thistextemphasizesintroducedthehardwaresystemdesignsandtheresultanalyse.Carisrunningtheprogram,undertheexistingtoyelectriccar,basedontheinstallationofsupersonicsensorandinfraredsensors,toachievethelocationofelectricvehicles,operationalstatusofthereal-timemeasurement,andmeasurementdatasenttothemicrocontrollerforprocessing,thenSCMdetectedaccordingtoavarietyofdatatoachieveintelligentcontrolofelectricvehicles.Keywords:80C51singlechipcomputer,infraredsensors,photoelectricswitch,theelectriccar目录TOC\o"1-3"\u第1章序言PAGEREF_Toc\h11.1研究目标及意义PAGEREF_Toc\h11.2中国外发展情况PAGEREF_Toc\h2第2章整体设计框架PAGEREF_Toc\h32.1方案选择及论证PAGEREF_Toc\h32.1.1控制模块选择PAGEREF_Toc\h42.1.2路面探测黑线轨迹模块PAGEREF_Toc\h42.1.3探测路面障碍模块PAGEREF_Toc\h52.1.4电机模块PAGEREF_Toc\h62.1.5电机驱动模块PAGEREF_Toc\h62.1.6车架选择PAGEREF_Toc\h72.1.7最终方案选择PAGEREF_Toc\h72.2方案可行性分析PAGEREF_Toc\h8第3章硬件设计PAGEREF_Toc\h83.1系统总体设计框图PAGEREF_Toc\h93.2红外线光电开关模块PAGEREF_Toc\h93.2.1光电开关工作原理PAGEREF_Toc\h103.2.2光电开关类型PAGEREF_Toc\h103.2.3光电开关电路设计PAGEREF_Toc\h133.3电机驱动模块PAGEREF_Toc\h133.4红外循线模块PAGEREF_Toc\h153.4.1红外放射式光电传感器特征和工作原理PAGEREF_Toc\h153.4.2红外循线具体设计和实现PAGEREF_Toc\h163.5最小系统模块PAGEREF_Toc\h173.5.1晶振电路设计PAGEREF_Toc\h173.5.2复位电路设计PAGEREF_Toc\h173.6电源模块PAGEREF_Toc\h18第4章软件设计PAGEREF_Toc\h194.1主程序步骤图PAGEREF_Toc\h194.2避障子程序步骤图PAGEREF_Toc\h204.3循线子程序步骤图PAGEREF_T