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ERP的介绍.docx

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ERP的介绍Enterpriseresourceplanningsystems(ERPs)aremanagementinformationsystemsthatintegrateandautomatemanyofthebusinesspracticesassociatedwiththeoperationsorproductionaspectsofacompany.ContentsOverviewEnterpriseresourceplanningisatermderivedfrommanufacturingresourceplanning(MRPII)thatfollowedmaterialrequirementsplanning(MRP).ERPsystemstypicallyhandlethemanufacturing,logistics,distribution,inventory,shipping,invoicing,andaccountingforacompany.EnterpriseResourcePlanningorERPsoftwarecanaidinthecontrolofmanybusinessactivities,likesales,delivery,billing,production,inventorymanagement,andhumanresourcesmanagement.ERPsareoftencalledbackofficesystemsindicatingthatcustomersandthegeneralpublicarenotdirectlyinvolved.Thisiscontrastedwithfrontofficesystemslikecustomerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)systemsthatdealdirectlywiththecustomers,ortheeBusinesssystemssuchaseCommerce,eGoverment,eTelecom,andeFinance,orsupplierrelationshipmanagement(SRM)systemsthatdealwiththesuppliers.ERPsarecross-functionalandenterprisewide.Allfunctionaldepartmentsthatareinvolvedinoperationsorproductionareintegratedinonesystem.Inadditiontomanufacturing,warehousing,logistics,andInformationTechnology,thiswouldincludeaccounting,humanresources,marketing,andstrategicmanagement.Intheearlydaysofbusinesscomputing,companiesusedtowritetheirownsoftwaretocontroltheirbusinessprocesses.Thisisanexpensiveapproach.Sincemanyoftheseprocessesoccurincommonacrossvarioustypesofbusinesses,commonreusablesoftwaremayprovidecost-effectivealternativestocustomsoftware.ThussomeERPsoftwarecaterstoawiderangeofindustriesfromservicesectorslikesoftwarevendorsandhospitalstomanufacturingindustriesandeventogovernmentdepartments.ImplementationBecauseoftheirwidescopeofapplicationwithinthefirm,ERPsoftwaresystemsrelyonsomeofthelargestbodiesofsoftwareeverwritten.Implementingsuchacomplexandhugesoftwaresysteminacompanyusuallyinvolvesanarmyofanalysts,programmers,andusers,andoftencomprisesaveryexpensiveprojectinitselfforbiggercompanies,especiallytransnationals.