职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习11.docx

职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习11职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习11PASSAGE22EarlyorLaterDayCare?TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"attachment"periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild#39;spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby#39;sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone-farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren#39;sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.ButBowlby#39;sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.练习：1.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?A)Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositiveeffectofdaycareforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.B)Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.C)Thefirstthreeyearsofone#39;slifeisextremel