职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习19.docx

职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习19职称英语综合类学习资料阅读理解练习19PASSAGE43WillQualityEatuptheU.S.LeadinSoftware??IfU.S.softwarecompaniesdon#39;tpaymoreattentiontoquality,theycouldkisstheirbusinessgood-bye.BothIndiaandBrazilaredevelopingaworld-classsoftwareindustry.TheirweaponisqualityandoneoftheirjobsistoattractthetopU.S.qualityspecialistswhosevoicesarenotlistenedtointheircountry.Already,oftheworld#39;s12softwarehousesthathaveearnedthehighestratingintheworld,sevenareinIndia.That#39;slargelybecausetheyhaveusednewmethodologiesrejectedbyAmericansoftwarespecialists.Forexample,fordecades,qualityspecialists,W.EdwardsDemingandJ.M.JuranhadurgedU.S.softwarecompaniestochangetheirattitudestoquality.ButtheirqualitycallmainlyfellondeafearsintheU.S.-butnotinJapan.Bythe1970sand1980s,Japanwasgrabbingmarketsharewithbetter,cheaperproducts.TheyusedDeming#39;sandJuran#39;sideastobringdownthecostofgoodqualitytoaslittleas5%oftotalproductioncosts.InU.S.factories,thecostofqualitythenwas10timesashigh:50%.Insoftware,itstillis.WattsS.Humphreyspent27yearsatIBMheadingupsoftwareproductionandthenqualityassurance.Buthisadvicewasseldompaidattentionto.HeretiredfromIBMin1986.In1987,heworkedoutasystemforassessingandimprovingsoftwarequality.Ithasproveditsvaluetimeandagain.Forexample,in1990thecostofqualityatRaytheonElectronicsSystemswasalmost60%oftotalsoftwareproductioncosts.Itfellto15%in1996andhassincefurtherdroppedtobelow10%.LikeDemingandJuran,Humphreyseemstobewiningmorepraisesoverseasthanathome.TheIndiagovernmentandseveralcompanieshavejustfoundedtheWattsHumphreySoftwareQualityInstituteattheSoftwareTechnologyParkinChennai,India.Let#39;shopethatU.S.leadinsoftwarewillnotbeeatenupbyitsqualityproblems.EXERCISE:1.whatcountryhasmorehighest-ratingcompaniesintheworldthananyothercountryhas?A)Germany.B)TheU.S.C)BrazilD)India2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHumphreyistrue?A)HeisnowstillanIBMemployer.B)HehasworkedforIBMfor37years.C)TheUSpaysmuchattentiontohisqualityadvice.D)Indiahonorshimhighly.3.BywhatmeansdidJapangrabitslargemarketsha