高一英语外研版必修3学案：语法剖析 MODULE3 THEVIOLENCEOFNATURE WORD版含解析.doc

语法·剖析过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态构成:had+been+动词的过去分词用法例子决定动词用主动语态还是用被动语态主要看动词和主语之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，它们就是主动关系，动词应用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，它们就是被动关系，动词就需要用被动语态。Thevegetablesdidn'ttastegood.Theyhadbeencookedfortoolong.蔬菜不好吃，煮的时间太长了。Bytheendoflasttermmorethan3,000Englishwordshadbeenlearntbyusatourmiddleschools.到上学期末为止,我们已经学会了3000多个英语单词。注意:现在完成时被动语态与过去完成时被动语态用法的区别在于前者表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，后者表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。Thispollutedriverhasbeencleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。（到现在为止）HesaidthisbookhadbeentranslatedintoJapanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。（到他说话时所体现的时间为止）间接引语英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话，一种是直接引语，另一种是间接引语。概念例句直接引语直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingstorybooks.”约翰说:“我喜欢看故事书。”间接引语用自己的话转述别人的话Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstorybooks.约翰说他喜欢看故事书。本单元主要学习直接引语转变为间接引语的方法。如果把直接引语转变为间接引语，一般会转变成宾语从句，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变，变动的规则如下表所示。变化直接引语中间接引语中例句时态变化一般现在时一般过去时Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthework.”→Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.他说他恐怕完成不了那项工作。现在进行时过去进行时Tomsaid,“Mymumiscooking.”→Tomsaidthathismumwascooking.汤姆说他的妈妈在做饭。一般过去时过去完成时Janesaid,“IwatchedTVlastnight.”→JanesaidthatshehadwatchedTVthenightbefore.简说前天晚上她看电视了。现在完成时过去完成时Shesaid,“I'venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”→ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说她自从5月份就没收到他的来信。过去完成时过去完成时Shesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyjob.”→Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherjob.她说她做完了她的工作。一般将来时过去将来时Shesaid,“I'lldoit.”→Shesaidthatshewoulddoit.她说她会做这件事的。注意:直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如:Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.他告诉我他于1978年出生。情态动词CanmayCouldmightShesaid,“Ican/mayswim.”→Shesaidthatshecould/mightswim.她说她能/可能游泳。musthadtoShesaid,“Wemusthandintheresultoftheresearch.”→Shesaidthattheyhadtohandintheresultoftheresearch.她说他们一定要把研究的成果上交。代词ThistheseThatthoseHesaid,“Ilikethis/thesebooks.”→Hesaidthathelikedthat/thosebooks.他说他喜欢那本/那些书。时间状语nowthenHesaid,“It'snineo'clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他说那时是九点了。TodaytonightthatdaythatnightHesaid,“Ihavebeenbusytoday/tonight.”→Hesaidthathehadbeenbusythatday/thatnight.他说他那天/那天晚上很忙。yesterday...daysagoThedaybefore...daysbeforeShesaid,“Iwentther