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数学建模美赛翻译-关于2010年数学建模美国赛b题的翻译.doc

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2010年美国数学建模邀请赛试题2010-02-1909:09PROBLEMA:TheSweetSpotExplainthe“sweetspot”onabaseballbat.Everyhitterknowsthatthereisaspotonthefatpartofabaseballbatwheremaximumpoweristransferredtotheballwhenhit.Whyisn’tthisspotattheendofthebat?Asimpleexplanationbasedontorquemightseemtoidentifytheendofthebatasthesweetspot,butthisisknowntobeempiricallyincorrect.Developamodelthathelpsexplainthisempiricalfinding.Someplayersbelievethat“corking”abat(hollowingoutacylinderintheheadofthebatandfillingitwithcorkorrubber,thenreplacingawoodcap)enhancesthe“sweetspot”effect.Augmentyourmodeltoconfirmordenythiseffect.DoesthisexplainwhyMajorLeagueBaseballprohibits“corking”?Doesthematerialoutofwhichthebatisconstructedmatter?Thatis,doesthismodelpredictdifferentbehaviorforwood(usuallyash)ormetal(usuallyaluminum)bats?IsthiswhyMajorLeagueBaseballprohibitsmetalbats?PROBLEMB:CriminologyIn1981PeterSutcliffewasconvictedofthirteenmurdersandsubjectinganumberofotherpeopletoviciousattacks.OneofthemethodsusedtonarrowthesearchforMr.Sutcliffewastofinda“centerofmass”ofthelocationsoftheattacks.Intheend,thesuspecthappenedtoliveinthesametownpredictedbythistechnique.Sincethattime,anumberofmoresophisticatedtechniqueshavebeendevelopedtodeterminethe“geographicalprofile”ofasuspectedserialcriminalbasedonthelocationsofthecrimes.Yourteamhasbeenaskedbyalocalpoliceagencytodevelopamethodtoaidintheirinvestigationsofserialcriminals.Theapproachthatyoudevelopshouldmakeuseofatleasttwodifferentschemestogenerateageographicalprofile.Youshoulddevelopatechniquetocombinetheresultsofthedifferentschemesandgenerateausefulpredictionforlawenforcementofficers.Thepredictionshouldprovidesomekindofestimateorguidanceaboutpossiblelocationsofthenextcrimebasedonthetimeandlocationsofthepastcrimescenes.Ifyoumakeuseofanyotherevidenceinyourestimate,youmustprovidespecificdetailsabouthowyouincorporatetheextrainformation.Yourmethodshouldalsoprovidesomekindofestimateabouthowreliabletheestimatewillbeinagivensituation,includingappropriatewarnings.Inadditiontothereq