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-2---Offer--and--ACCEPTANCE(邀约与承诺).doc

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Chapter2OfferandACCEPTANCE1OfferOverviewAGREEMENT=OFFER+ACCEPTANCEOfferITTDefinition1.1Anexpressionofwillingnesstobeboundonspecificterms.1.2Mustbecertain.1.3Onlythepersonoramemberoftheclasstowhomtheofferhasbeenmadecanacceptit.1.4Theoffermustbeopenforacceptanceatthetimethatacceptanceispurportedtooccur.Invitationstotreat1.5Offersmustbedistinguishedfrominvitationstotreat.(a)Thisisinvitingsomeonetomakeanofferorcommencenegotiations.(b)Itcannotbeaccepted.(c)Examplesofinvitationstotreat:(i)itemsdisplayedonshelves:PharmaceuticalSocietyofG.B.vBootsCashChemists.(ii)itemsinshopwindows:FishervBell.(iii)usuallyadvertsinnewspapers:PartridgevCrittenden.Notehoweveroffersmadetothewholeworld:CarlillvCarbolicSmokeBallCo.(iv)auctionnotices.(v)prospectuses.(vi)mailordercatalogues1.6Alsobecarefulwithotherexpressionsthatfallshortofbeing'offers'eg(i)advertiserspufforboastsnormallyfallshortofbeingpromisesoroffers(ii)aresponsetoarequestforinformationisnotnormallyanoffer(iii)adeclarationofintentiontosellisnotnormallyanoffer.OverviewMETHODSOFTERMINATINGANOFFERRejectionCounterConditionalLapseofRevocationDeathOfferacceptancetime1.7TerminationofanOffer(a)Rejection:ofanofferorrefusaltoaccept.(b)Counteroffer:HydevWrench.Acounterofferissimplyanewoffer.(c)Conditionalacceptance:NealevMerrett.Contrastrequestsforinformation:StevensonvMcLean.Aconditionalacceptanceisanattempttointroducenewtermsintotheofferandassuchcannotbeanacceptance.(d)Lapseoftime:(anexpressorimpliedperiod)willterminateanoffer:RamsgateHotelvMontefiore.(e)Revocationofanoffer:(i)iseffectiveanytimebeforeacceptanceoccursRoutledgevGrant;(ii)aslongasitisactuallycommunicated:ByrnevVanTienhoven;(iii)canbecommunicatedviaareliablethirdparty:DickinsonvDodds;(f)Death.2AcceptanceOverviewACCEPTANCEDefinitionRulesDefinition2.1(a)Anunconditionalassenttoallthetermsoftheoffer:NealevMerrett(b)Itisimportanttoidentifyaclearoffer,andunconditionalacceptance.Negotiationsmayconstituteaseriesofcounteroffers,eachpartytryingtoimposetheirstandardtermsonthecontract