病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤.pptx

细胞和组织适应与损伤细胞和组织适应与损伤细胞改变概念适应适应Adaptation萎缩atrophyBrainatrophyinapatientwithAlzheimer’sdisease.Thegyriarenarrowedandthesulciwidenedtowardtofrontalpole.萎缩atrophy病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤萎缩AtrophyBrainatrophyinanoldpatientwitharteriosclerosis.Notethewidenedsulciandnarrowconvolutions.Nephrohydrosis肥大Hypertrophy肥大Hypertrophy肥大HypertrophyApregnantuterus(right)Normaluterus(left)Hypertrophyofleftventricle(centripetalhypertrophy)inapatientwithessentialhypertension.Notethemarkedthickenedwallofventricle.增生Hyperplasia增生HyperplasiaHyperplasiaofendometriuminanadultwomanwithmenorrhagia化生Metaplasia化生Metaplasia宫颈柱状上皮鳞化胃粘膜肠上皮化生化生MetaplasiaSimpleatrophy细胞和组织损伤原因和机制损伤Injury损伤原因细胞可逆性损伤可逆性损伤ReversibleInjury可逆性损伤ReversibleInjury细胞水肿细胞水肿cellularswelling“气球样变”脂肪变脂肪变脂肪变病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤脂肪变举例病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤肝中心性脂肪变病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤肝脂肪变性苏丹黑染色（fattychangeofliver)脂肪变举例玻璃样变细胞内玻璃样变酒精性肝病肝细胞中Mallory小体结缔组织玻璃样变Hyalinechangeofconnectivetissue:Left:spleeningrossspecimenRight:microscopicappearance细小动脉壁玻璃样变小动脉硬化病理性钙化病理性钙化病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤病理性钙化（pathologiccalcification）细胞死亡细胞死亡坏死－－基本病变病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤坏死－－类型凝固性坏死Coagulativenecrosisofthekidney.Thisisthetypicalpatternwithlossofbloodsupplyandresultanttissueanoxia.Thereisawedge-shapedpaleareaofcoagulativenecrosisintherenalcortex.肾凝固性坏死液化性坏死Brainabscesseslocalizedintheupperleftshowastworound,wellmarginedlesions.Theircontainedfluidissticky,ingrey-yellowcolor.病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤局部酸中毒，坏死细胞结构蛋白、酶蛋白变性、封闭了蛋白质溶解过程。心肌、肝肾、脾坏死细胞常保持其轮廓残影，坏死灶与周围组织境界清楚。干酪样坏死、坏疽纤维素样坏死fibrinoidnecrosis干酪样坏死干酪样坏死肺结核脂肪坏死左：正常脂肪细胞右：坏死脂肪细胞，界限不清，核丧失，胞浆无定形坏疽Gangrene坏疽Gangrene干性坏疽病理学细胞和组织的适应与损伤湿性坏疽Thesmallintestineisinfarctedandputrefactive,soitappearssmudgy,dark,black,andfoul-smelling.NotetheMarginbetweennecroticboweland“normal”bowelisnotclear.Thisiswet(moist)gangrene.气性坏疽坏死结局坏死结局AhealingpepticulcerCalcificationinatubercularlymphadenitis坏死影响凋亡Apoptosis凋亡Apoptosis凋亡ApoptosisTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine凋亡意义凋亡意义Apoptosisisindividualcelldeath,notnecrosis(deathoflargenumbersofcells).Inthisexample,livercellsaredyingindividually(