英语语法分析-句子成分分析.doc

ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语：是一句的主体是全句诉说的东西常用名词、数词或代词担当〔是全句谈论的中心话题〕。例：(1)Studentssyudy.〔名词〕(2)Wearefriends.〔代词〕(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutinahurry.〔不定式〕〔动名词〕(7)Fourplusfouriseight.(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述表示主语的举动或形状常用动词或动词词组担任放在主语的后面〔主语做什么了、怎么样了〕。例：(1)Studentsstudy.〔实意动词〕(2)Wearefriends.〔be动词〕(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)HecanspeakEnglish.〔复合谓语〕(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语：表示举动的东西常由名词或代词担当放在及物动词或代词之后〔动作的东西目的；位于及物动词之后〕。宾语分为开门见山宾语跟开门见山宾语。开门见山宾语指物开门见山宾语指人。例：(a)Hegavemesomebooks.开门见山宾语开门见山宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(2)Iplaywithhim.(3)Welovewatchingfootballgames.(4)Heisdongherhomeworknow.(5)Ilikemyjob.(6)Iloveyou.(7)Hewantedtoleavehere.(8)Theyenjoyedplayingfootballgames.注：位于介词之后的因素也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语停顿补偿说明宾语跟宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Pleasekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成主动语态后宾语补足语变成主补。例：(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的因素常用描绘词或者相当于描绘词的短语或从句担当〔是用来说明名词或代词性质特征的词〕。描绘词放在名词前相当于描绘词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninbllueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语：是用来说明动词描绘词副词、介词短语或全体句子的因素常由副词担当。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前也可以放在动词之后；修饰描绘词或副词的放在它们之前。例：(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbebackinawhile.(5)Theyareplayingontheplayground.(6)Hewas