英语语法分析-句子成分分析.doc

资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢精品文档精品文档资料收集于网络如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢精品文档ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：(1)Studentssyudy.（名词）(2)Wearefriends.（代词）(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.（不定式）(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.（动名词）(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutinahurry.(7)Fourplusfouriseight.(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：(1)Studentsstudy.（实意动词）(2)Wearefriends.（be动词）(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)HecanspeakEnglish.（复合谓语）(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：(a)Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.Theyareteachers.Iplaywithhim.Welovewatchingfootballgames.Heisdongherhomeworknow.Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingfootballgames.注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning?(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Pleasekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninbllueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例：(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbeb