最新精编医学专题—第1章-呼吸系统生理.ppt

祝同学们新年学习(xuéxí)进步！圆圆满满！Chapter1RespiratoryPhysiologyVocabularyvocabularyupperairway：上呼吸道(shànghūxīdào)lung：肺pharynx：咽larynx：喉trachea：气管bronchi：支气管terminalbronchioles：终末支气管respiratorybronchioles：呼吸性支气管alveolar：肺泡intrapleuralpressure：胸内压functionalresidualcapacity（FRC）：机能余气量vitalcapacity（VC）：肺活量forcedvitalcapacity（VC）：用力(yònglì)肺活量residualvolume（RV）：余气量totallungcapacity（TLC）：肺总容量closingcapacity（CC）：闭合容量theminuteventilation：每分通气量arterialcarbondioxidetension：动脉血二氧化碳分压arterialoxygentension：动脉血氧分压cerebrospinalfluid：脑脊液peripheralchemoreceptor：外周化学(huàxué)感受器centralchemoreceptor：中枢化学感受器respiratoryreflex：呼吸反射laryngospasm：喉痉孪airwayobstruction：气道阻塞compliance：顺应性surfactant：表面活性物质surfacetension：表面张力(biǎomiànzhānglì)hypoxicpulmonaryvasoconstriction：缺氧性肺血管收缩deadspace：无效(wúxiào)腔anatomicaldeadspace：解剖无效腔respiratoryquotient：呼吸商oxyhaemoglobindissociationcurve：氧离曲线Haldaneeffect：Haldane效应Bohreffect：Bohr效应secondgaseffect：第二气体效应1.1.1LungFunctions肺通气肺换气(huànqì)气体运输组织换气氧化代谢LungFunctions1.1.2LungStructure鼻腔(bíqiāng)气管支气管细支气管终末细支气管呼吸(hūxī)性细支气管肺泡管肺泡囊肺泡(fèipào)内气体1.2ControlofRespiration中脑(zhōngnǎo)颈动脉体1.3MechanicsofRespiration1.3.1LungVolumes1.3.2ComplianceLawofLaplace：P：回缩压力P=2T/rT：肺泡(fèipào)表面张力r:肺泡半径Infactitdoesn’t!thepresenceofasurfaceactivematerialsecretedbythetypeIIalveolarcellsensuresthatthisdoesnotoccur.1.4MatchingofVentilationandPerfusion1.4.1DistributionofPerfusion1.4.2DistributionofVentilation1.4.3Ventilation:perfusionratioAnareaofthelungisperfusedbutinadequatelyventilatedVA/Qwillobviouslybereduced.AsaresultthealveolarPO2fallsandthePCO2rises.Wherealveoliareven