现在分词和过去分词的用法.doc

现在分词和过去分词的用法

1分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.
Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.
Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.
Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.
Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.
Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismother'sillness.

分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
Nothavingenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands).
Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledouraffairsbetter.(Wearetaught/teachus).
InspiredbytheInternational,theworkingpeopleofallcountrieshavebeenfightingfortheirfinalliberation.(Theworkingpeoplewereinspired/inspiretheworkingpeople)
____theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.
A)HavingbelievedB)BelievingC)BelievedD)Beingbelieved
意为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系，因此，应用现在分词。
Nomatterhowfrequently__,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.
A)performingB)performedC)tobeperformedD)beingperformed
句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。
____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.
A)BeingpublishedB)PublishedC)PublishingD)Tobepublished
句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词。

2“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)＋分词”结构
现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when,once,although,until,if等连词。
Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.
Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.
Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.
Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.
Iftranslatedwordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.

3分词作定语
分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.
Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!
Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.
Afteranightspentinexcite