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基于FPGA的LDPC码译码器的实现.docx

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基于FPGA的LDPC码译码器的实现 1.Introduction Low-densityparity-check(LDPC)codesareamongthebesterror-correctingcodesinusetoday.Theyareusedinmanyapplications,suchaswirelesscommunication,digitalbroadcasting,andopticalcommunication.LDPCcodescanachievenear-Shannon-limitperformancewithlowencodinganddecodingcomplexity.Duetotheirhighperformanceandlowcomplexity,theyhavebecomeapopularchoiceformoderncommunicationsystems.Inthispaper,wewilldiscusstheimplementationofanLDPCcodedecoderonafield-programmablegatearray(FPGA). 2.Background LDPCcodesarelinearblockcodes,whichmeansthattheoutputcodeisalinearcombinationoftheinputcode.Theyaredefinedbyaparity-checkmatrixH,whichspecifiestheconstraintsonthecode.ThecodeistransmittedbymultiplyingtheinputmessagewithageneratormatrixG,resultinginacodeword.Thedecoderattemptstorecovertheoriginalmessagefromthereceivedcodeword. LDPCdecodingisaniterativeprocessthatinvolvescomputingtheprobabilitiesofallthepossiblevaluesofthebitsinthemessageandthenupdatingtheseprobabilitiesbasedonthereceivedcodeword.Theprocesscontinuesuntilamaximum-likelihoodestimateisreached.Thecomplexityofthisprocessdependsonthesizeoftheparity-checkmatrix,whichdeterminesthenumberofiterationsrequiredtoachievethemaximumlikelihoodestimate. 3.LDPCDecoderArchitecture ThearchitectureofanLDPCdecodercanbedividedintothreemainblocks:thechecknodeprocessingblock,thevariablenodeprocessingblock,andthecontrolblock. Thechecknodeprocessingblockcomputesthechecknodevaluesbasedontheincomingvariablenodevalues.Eachchecknodereceivesmultiplevariablenodevaluesandusesthemtocalculateanewchecknodevalue.Thechecknodevaluesarebroadcastedbacktoalltheconnectedvariablenodes. Thevariablenodeprocessingblockcomputesthevariablenodevaluesbasedontheincomingchecknodevalues.Eachvariablenodereceivesmultiplechecknodevaluesandusesthemtocalculateanewvariablenodevalue.Thevariablenodevaluesarebroadcastedbacktoalltheconnectedchecknodes. Thecontrolblockmanagestheoveralldecodingprocess.Itinitializesthevariablenodevalues,startstheiterativedecodingpro