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上海2011届高考英语阅读训练加强版.doc

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PAGE-12- 用心爱心专心 上海2011届高考英语阅读训练加强版 ReadingComprehension（1） Questions1-11 TheworkoftherailroadpioneersinAmericabecamethebasisforagreatsurgeofrailroadbuildinghalfwaythroughthenineteenthcenturythatlinkedthenationtogetherasneverbefore.Railroadseventuallybecamethenation’snumberonetransportationsystem,andremainedsountiltheconstructionoftheinterstatehighwaysystemhalfwaythroughthetwentiethcentury.Theywereofcrucialimportanceinstimulatingeconomicexpansion,buttheirinfluencereachedbeyondtheeconomyandwaspervasiveinAmericansocietyatlarge. By1804,EnglishaswellasAmericaninventorshadexperimentedwithsteamenginesformovinglandvehicles.In1920,JohnStevensranalocomotiveandcarsaroundinacirculartrackonhisNewJerseyestate,whichthepublicsawasanamusingtoy.Andin1825,afteropeningashortlengthoftrack,theStocktontoDarlingtonRailroadinEnglandbecamethefirstlinetocarrygeneraltraffic.Americanbusinesspeople,especiallythoseintheAtlanticcoastalregionwholookedforbettercommunicationwiththeWest,quicklybecameinterestedintheEnglishexperiment.ThefirstcompanyinAmericatobeginactualoperationswastheBaltimoreandOhio,whichopenedathirteen-milelengthoftrackin1830.Itusedateamofhorsestopullatrainofpassengercarriagesandfreightwagonsalongthetrack.Steamlocomotivepowerdidn’tcomeintoregularserviceuntiltwoyearslater. However,forthefirstdecadeormore,therewasnotyetatruerailroadsystem.Eventhelongestofthelineswasrelativelyshortinthe1830’s,andmostofthemservedsimplytoconnectwaterroutestoeachother,nottolinkonerailroadtoanother.Evenwhentwolinesdidconnect,thetracksoftendifferedinwidth,socarsfromonelinecouldn’tfitontotracksofthenextline.Scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent.Significantly,however,someimportantdevelopmentsduringthe1830’sand1840’sincludedtheintroductionofheavierironrails,moreflexibleandpowerfullocomotives,andpassengercarswereredesignedtobecomemorestable,comfortable,andlarger.Bytheendof1830only23milesoftrackhadbeenlaidinthecountry.Butby1936,morethan1,000milesoftrackhadbeenlaidinelevenStates,andwithinthedeca