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上海高考英语阅读训练加强版.doc

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-12-用心爱心专心ReadingComprehension（1）Questions1-11TheworkoftherailroadpioneersinAmericabecamethebasisforagreatsurgeofrailroadbuildinghalfwaythroughthenineteenthcenturythatlinkedthenationtogetherasneverbefore.Railroadseventuallybecamethenation’snumberonetransportationsystemandremainedsountiltheconstructionoftheinterstatehighwaysystemhalfwaythroughthetwentiethcentury.TheywereofcrucialimportanceinstimulatingeconomicexpansionbuttheirinfluencereachedbeyondtheeconomyandwaspervasiveinAmericansocietyatlarge.By1804EnglishaswellasAmericaninventorshadexperimentedwithsteamenginesformovinglandvehicles.In1920JohnStevensranalocomotiveandcarsaroundinacirculartrackonhisNewJerseyestatewhichthepublicsawasanamusingtoy.Andin1825afteropeningashortlengthoftracktheStocktontoDarlingtonRailroadinEnglandbecamethefirstlinetocarrygeneraltraffic.AmericanbusinesspeopleespeciallythoseintheAtlanticcoastalregionwholookedforbettercommunicationwiththeWestquicklybecameinterestedintheEnglishexperiment.ThefirstcompanyinAmericatobeginactualoperationswastheBaltimoreandOhiowhichopenedathirteen-milelengthoftrackin1830.Itusedateamofhorsestopullatrainofpassengercarriagesandfreightwagonsalongthetrack.Steamlocomotivepowerdidn’tcomeintoregularserviceuntiltwoyearslater.Howeverforthefirstdecadeormoretherewasnotyetatruerailroadsystem.Eventhelongestofthelineswasrelativelyshortinthe1830’sandmostofthemservedsimplytoconnectwaterroutestoeachothernottolinkonerailroadtoanother.Evenwhentwolinesdidconnectthetracksoftendifferedinwidthsocarsfromonelinecouldn’tfitontotracksofthenextline.Scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent.Significantlyhoweversomeimportantdevelopmentsduringt