性别差异和性别歧视.ppt

ReferencesContentsIntroduction

GendervsSex
RonaldWardhaughoncesaid:“Sexisbiologicaldeterminedwhereasgenderisasocialconstruct(butoneheavilygroundedinsex)involvingthewholegamutofpsychological,social,andculturaldifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.Inthisview,genderrolesratherthansexrolesshouldbeourconcernindiscussion”.

Gender社会性别具有后天性和可更改性。通过社会化渠道传承，表现在制度、观念等领域，社会对两性及两性关系的规范、要求和评价。可以通过社会机制的运作不断改变或构建。社会性别一旦形成就具有相对稳定性。
Sex生理性别具有先天性是由生物遗传因素决定的。它关乎基因、生殖腺以及荷尔蒙。性别一旦形成一般不会改变，除非技术介入。GenderDifferences
GenderDifferences
thesocialregulationsGenderDifferences
thesocialregulations
GenderDifferences
genderpattern

InEnglish:womenusemore–ingpronunciationsandfewer–in/in/
pronunciationsthanmeninwordslikeswimmingandtyping.
m:ome/h/
home
f:home
Intonationpatterns
Womenusingcertainpatternsassociatedwithsurpriseandpolitenessmoreoftenthanmen.
Womenmayansweraquestionwithastatementthatemploysthe
risingintonationpatternusuallyassociatedwithaquestionratherthanthefallingintonationpatternassociatedwithmakingafirmstatement.GenderDifferences
lexicallevelGenderDifferences
syntacticallevelGenderDifferences
intention&attentionItissuggestedthatwomenaremorenurturing,supportiveandcooperativethanmen.Thecharacteristicsofwomen’stalkarecollaboration,cooperation,balancingofspeakingrights,symmetryandmutualsupport.Itisarguedthatmenandwomencomefromdifferentsociolinguisticsubcultures.

BiologicalfactorsSocialfactors

Sexism

Frailty,thynameiswoman!
--WilliamShakespeare

ThePrincess
--AlfredTennyson

Manforthefieldandwomanforthehearth;
Manfortheswordandfortheneedleshe.
Manwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheart：
Mantocommandandwomantoobey.

英汉语性别歧视现象比较研究
ThesisAnalysis

不同的女人要这样夸
妖的叫美女，刁的叫才女，
木的叫淑女，蔫的叫温柔，
凶的叫直爽，傻的叫阳光，
狠的叫冷艳，土的叫端庄，
洋的叫气质，怪的叫个性，
匪的叫干练，嫩的叫青春靓丽，
老的叫丰韵犹存，浪的叫众星捧月，
牛的叫傲雪凌风，闲的叫追求自我，弱的叫小鸟依人。