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驱动桥外文翻译.docx

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附录1 DriveAxle Allvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad. Thedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Theflowofpowerinconventionalfrontengine/rearwheeldrivevehiclesmovesfromtheenginetothedriveaxleinapproximatelyastraightline.However,atthedriveaxle,thepowermustbeturnedatrightangles(fromthelineofthedriveshaft)anddirectedtothedrivewheels. Thisisaccomplishedbyapiniondrivegear,whichturnsacircularringgear.Theringgearisattachedtoadifferentialhousing,containingasetofsmallergearsthataresplinedtotheinnerendofeachaxleshaft.Asthehousingisrotated,theinternaldifferentialgearsturntheaxleshafts,whicharealsoattachedtothedrivewheels. Thedifferentialisanarrangementofgearswithtwofunctions:topermittherearwheelstoturnatdifferentspeedswhencorneringandtodividethepowerflowbetweenbothrearwheels. (1)Theaccompanyingillustrationhasbeenprovidedtohelpunderstandhowthisoccurs.Thedrivepinion,whichisturnedbythedriveshaft,turnstheringgear. (2)Theringgear,whichisattachedtothedifferentialcase,turnsthecase. (3)Thepinionshaft,locatedinaboreinthedifferentialcase,isatrightanglestotheaxleshaftsandturnswiththecase. (4)Thedifferentialpinion(drive)gearsaremountedonthepinionshaftandrotatewiththeshaft. (5)Differentialsidegears(drivengears)aremeshedwiththepiniongearsandturnwiththedifferentialhousingandringgearasaunit. (6)Thesidegearsaresplinedtotheinnerendsoftheaxleshaftsandrotatetheshaftsasthehousingturns. (7)Whenbothwheelshaveequaltraction,thepiniongearsdonotrotateonthepinionshaft,sincetheinputforceofthepiniongearsisdividedequallybetweenthetwosidegears. (8)Whenitisnecessarytoturnacorner,thedifferentialgearingbecomeseffectiveandallowstheaxleshaftstorotateatdifferentspeeds. Astheinnerwheelslowsdown,thesidegearsplinedtotheinnerwheelaxleshaftalsoslows.Thepiniongearsactasbalancingleversbymaintainingequaltoothloadstobothgears,whileallowingun