阅读理解主旨大意应试策略.docx

高考英语阅读理解第一讲
主旨大意题解题策略
英语组曾修义
主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题或标题进行设问。常见的题干形式如下：
●大意类：Themainideaofthepassageis...
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
Thepassageisconcernedprimarilyabout...
Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…..
●标题类：
What'sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?
Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?●作者意图类：
What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？
Thepassageismeantto...Theauthor'spurpose...istoshow...
针对主旨大意不同类型的题，我们可以采取以下解题策略：
一、寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想。
对于大部分有主题句的文章而言，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。由于文章结构、体裁及内容的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，主题句在文中出现的位置也不固定。
1.总分结构。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，最典型的是新闻报道、研究报告等，属于这种结构的文章主题句通常在首段，有时文章首句就是主题句。
例1：
Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.
Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated（展示）asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson’sthoughts.
Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.
“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles,”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”(
Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.
Prof.Millan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnology