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定语从句 theAttributiveClause1.定语从句: 2.先行词: 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:■关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。Thisistheman_____helpedmeyesterday. Theteacher(______________)youwanttoseeiscoming. Imetaboy______fatherwasaastronaut. Hereisthecoat_________willbemadetoyou. Thisisthefactory(_________)wevisitedlastyear. Hehasabook_____cover(=thecover_______)isverybeautiful.■关系副词的一般用法 关系副词有when,where,why,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。 when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词; where的先行词通常是place,city,town,village,house,case,situation,scenes等地点或情形名词; why的先行词只能是reason。 关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替,why可用forwhich代替。Thereareoccasions_______________onemustyield.(屈服) Beijingistheplace_______________Iwasborn. Isthisthereason_____________herefusedouroffer?(1)Thefactory______hisfatherworkedhasclosed. 比较:Thefactory__________wasbuiltin1978hasclosed. (2)I’llneverforgetthedays______welivedtogether. 比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(______)wespentinAustralia. (3)Thereason(_____)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat. 比较:Thereason(____)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.在定语从句中,关系代词which和that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意: ■只能用that而不能用which的情形 (1)当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如: Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress. (2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如: Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如: ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread. (4)当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如: Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat. (5)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如: ThisisabookthatIhavebeenlookingforsincelastweek. (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。如: Whichisthepicturethatyoudrewyesterday?■只能用which而不能用that的情形 (1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。如: Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing. (2)关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。如: Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown. (3)先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能