高考英语定语从句讲解与练习(课件).ppt

定语从句theAttributiveClause1．定语从句：2．先行词：3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。Thisistheman_____helpedmeyesterday.Theteacher(______________)youwanttoseeiscoming.Imetaboy______fatherwasaastronaut.Hereisthecoat_________willbemadetoyou.Thisisthefactory(_________)wevisitedlastyear.Hehasabook_____cover(=thecover_______)isverybeautiful.■关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when,where,why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place,city,town,village,house,case,situation,scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用forwhich代替。Thereareoccasions_______________onemustyield.（屈服）Beijingistheplace_______________Iwasborn.Isthisthereason_____________herefusedouroffer?(1)Thefactory______hisfatherworkedhasclosed.比较：Thefactory__________wasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(2)I’llneverforgetthedays______welivedtogether.比较：I’llneverforgetthedays(______)wespentinAustralia.(3)Thereason(_____)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.比较：Thereason(____)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：■只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为：all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。如：Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.(5)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：ThisisabookthatIhavebeenlookingforsincelastweek.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如：Whichisthepicturethatyoudrewyesterday?■只能用which而不能用that的情形(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。如：Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.(2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.(3)先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：Idon’ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.who(