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IndianbusinesspreparestotapintoAadhaar,astate-ownedfingerprint-identificationsystem NearlyallofIndia’s1.3bncitizensarenowenrolled THEREaretwowaystosignuptoJio,anewandirresistiblypricedmobile-telephonyservicewhichMukeshAmbani,thebossofRelianceIndustries,aconglomerate,launchedinSeptember2016andwhichisluringtensofmillionsofnewcustomerseachmonth.Onewayrequiresawadofdocuments,multiplesignaturesandplentyofpatience,sinceJiotakesdaysorweekstogothrough“know-your-customer”procedures.Thesecondwayismagicallysimple:thepersonrestsafingeronaninch-widescanner,andiftheprintmatchestheidentitythecustomerisclaiming,JiodownloadstheinformationitneedsfromtheIndianauthoritiesandactivatesthephonelinewithinminutes. JioistappingadatabasecalledAadhaar,aftertheHindiwordfor“foundation”.Itisacloud-basedIDsystemthatholdsthedetailsofoverabillionIndians.Thegovernment’spurposeinsettingitupin2009wastohelpthestatecorrectlydirectwelfarepaymentstothoseentitledtothem.Byearly2017allIndianadultsshouldhaveprovidedtheirfingerprints,irisscans,name,birthdate,addressandgenderinreturnforasingle,crucial,12-digitnumber. InthepublicsphereAadhaarhelpstodistributesubsidiesworthabout$40bnayear.Around300mbiometricentriesarelinkedtocitizens’bankaccounts,sothatmoneycanbepaidtothemdirect.Billionsofrupeesusedtobelosteachyearthrough“leakage”ofbenefits—aeuphemismforfraudinIndia’softencorruptbureaucracy.Aadhaarhasalreadysavedperhaps$5bn,saysthegovernment. Butthesystemwasdesignedwithmorethanjusttheneedsofthestateinmind.Theteamoftechiesbehindtheproject,ledbyNandanNilekani,afounderofInfosys,achampionofIndianIT,fromtheoutsetunderstoodtheimportanceofmakingAadhaaravailabletoallwhomightbeabletouseit,notjustofficialdepartments.Aadhaarisopen-accessandcanbeusedbythirdpartiesfreeofcharge.Bynow,fingerprintreadersareacommonsightinphoneshops,insuranceoffices,banksandothersellersofregulatedproducts. Somefirms,suchasJio,willuseAadhaartosavehugeamountsoftimefortheircustomers—nottomentionasmallforest’sworthofpaper.ThearchitectsofAadhaarreckont